Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Averse, disinclined; reluctant, unwilling. Always followed by a verbal phrase. · Angry, hostile. · Loathsome, unpleasant.
From Middle English lōth (“loath; averse, hateful”), from Old English lāð, lāþ (“evil; loathsome”), or Old Norse leið, leiðr (“uncomfortable; tired”) from Proto-Germanic *laiþaz (“loath; hostile; sad, sorry”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyt- (“to do something abhorrent or hateful”). The word is cognate with Danish led (“disgusting, loathsome; nasty”), Dutch leed (“sad; (Belgium) angry”), French laid (“ugly; morally corrupt”), Catalan lleig (“ugly”), Icelandic leiður (“annoyed, vexed; sad; (archaic or poetic) annoying, wearisome”), Italian laido (“filthy, foul; obscene”), Old Frisian leed, Old High German leid (Middle High German leit, modern German leid (“uncomfortable”), Leid (“grief, sorrow, woe; affliction, suffering; harm, injury; wrong”)), Old Saxon lêð, lēth (“evil person or thing”), Swedish led (“bored; tired; (archaic) disgusting, loathsome; evil”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₂leyt-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionlōthenm · loath; averse, hateful
- Inherited-form mentionlāðang
- Derivation mentionleiðnon
- Inherited-form mention*laiþazgem-pro · loath; hostile; sad, sorry
- Derivation mention*h₂leyt-ine-pro · to do something abhorrent or hateful
- Cognate mentionledda · disgusting, loathsome; nasty
- Cognate mentionleednl · sad; (Belgium) angry
- Cognate mentionlaidfr · ugly; morally corrupt
- Cognate mentionlleigca · ugly
- Cognate mentionleiðuris · annoyed, vexed; sad; (archaic or poetic) annoying, wearisome
- Cognate mentionlaidoit · filthy, foul; obscene
- Cognate mentionleedofs
- Cognate mentionleidgoh
- Cognate mentionleitgmh
- Cognate mentionleidde · uncomfortable
- Cognate mentionlêðosx
- Cognate mentionledsv · bored; tired; (archaic) disgusting, loathsome; evil
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂leyt-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lōth",
"t": "loath; averse, hateful"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lōth (“loath; averse, hateful”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lāð"
},
"expansion": "Old English lāð"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "leið"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leið"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laiþaz",
"t": "loath; hostile; sad, sorry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laiþaz (“loath; hostile; sad, sorry”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂leyt-",
"t": "to do something abhorrent or hateful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyt- (“to do something abhorrent or hateful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "led",
"t": "disgusting, loathsome; nasty"
},
"expansion": "Danish led (“disgusting, loathsome; nasty”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leed",
"t": "sad; (Belgium) angry"
},
"expansion": "Dutch leed (“sad; (Belgium) angry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "laid",
"t": "ugly; morally corrupt"
},
"expansion": "French laid (“ugly; morally corrupt”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lleig",
"t": "ugly"
},
"expansion": "Catalan lleig (“ugly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "leiður",
"t": "annoyed, vexed; sad; (archaic or poetic) annoying, wearisome"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic leiður (“annoyed, vexed; sad; (archaic or poetic) annoying, wearisome”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "laido",
"t": "filthy, foul; obscene"
},
"expansion": "Italian laido (“filthy, foul; obscene”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian leed"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German leid"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "leit"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German leit"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leid",
"t": "uncomfortable"
},
"expansion": "German leid (“uncomfortable”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lêð"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lêð"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "led",
"t": "bored; tired; (archaic) disgusting, loathsome; evil"
},
"expansion": "Swedish led (“bored; tired; (archaic) disgusting, loathsome; evil”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"lōth",
"loth#Middle_English"
],
[
"lāð",
"lað#Old_English"
],
[
"lāþ",
"laþ#Old_English"
],
[
"leið",
"leið#Old_Norse"
],
[
"leiðr",
"leiðr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*laiþaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiþaz"
],
[
"*h₂leyt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂leyt-"
],
[
"led",
"led#Danish"
],
[
"leed",
"leed#Dutch"
],
[
"laid",
"laid#French"
],
[
"lleig",
"lleig#Catalan"
],
[
"leiður",
"leiður#Icelandic"
],
[
"laido",
"laido#Italian"
],
[
"leed",
"leed#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"leid",
"leid#Old_High_German"
],
[
"leit",
"leit#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"leid",
"leid#German"
],
[
"Leid",
"Leid#German"
],
[
"lêð",
"leð#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"lēth",
"leth#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"led",
"led#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Averse, disinclined; reluctant, unwilling. Always followed by a verbal phrase.",
"Angry, hostile.",
"Loathsome, unpleasant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
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"rawRecordSha256": "dc55ae32bf4ab044cdeaae1f6eb6488c49ffeccb67d2aeeebea0731c5bce74fd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 272453
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}