Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo headbutt
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.? Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz Proto-West Germanic *hlaib Old English hlāf Middle English lof English loaf From Middle English laf, lof, loof, from Old English hlāf (“bread; loaf”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlaib, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“bread; loaf”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Old English hlifian (“to stand out prominently, tower up”). Cognates Cognate with German Laib (“loaf”), Danish and Swedish lev (“loaf”), Faroese leivur (“an oblong bun”), Icelandic hleifur (“loaf”), Norwegian Nynorsk leiv (“loaf”), Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs), 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs, “bread”) (whence Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ (“bread”) (see there for further descendants)), Estonian leib (“black bread”), Finnish leipä (“bread; loaf”); also Latvian klaips (“loaf”), Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”). Doublet of chleb and khleb. * (brain or head): Rhyming slang, ellipsis of loaf of bread.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionlafenm
- Inherited-form mentionhlāfang · bread; loaf
- Inherited-form mention*hlaibgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hlaibazgem-pro · bread; loaf
- Cognate mentionhlifianang · to stand out prominently, tower up
- Cognate mentionLaibde · loaf
- Cognate mentionleivurfo · an oblong bun
- Cognate mentionhleifuris · loaf
- Cognate mentionleivnn · loaf
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃got
- Cognate mention*xlěbъsla-pro · bread
- Cognate mentionleibet · black bread
- Cognate mentionleipäfi · bread; loaf
- Cognate mentionklaipslv · loaf
- Cognate mentionkliẽpaslt · loaf
- Doublet mentionchleben
- Doublet mentionkhleben
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lof<id:loaf>",
"id": "block of bread",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nMiddle English lof\nEnglish loaf\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaibaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaib\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlāf\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lof\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"loaf\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"block of bread\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"loaf\" id=\"English:_block_of_bread\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "laf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English laf"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlāf",
"t": "bread; loaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlāf (“bread; loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hlaib"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlaib"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz",
"t": "bread; loaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“bread; loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlifian",
"t": "to stand out prominently, tower up"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlifian (“to stand out prominently, tower up”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Laib",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "German Laib (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,sv",
"2": "lev",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Swedish lev (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "leivur",
"t": "an oblong bun"
},
"expansion": "Faroese leivur (“an oblong bun”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hleifur",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hleifur (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "leiv",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk leiv (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xlěbъ",
"t": "bread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ (“bread”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "leib",
"t": "black bread"
},
"expansion": "Estonian leib (“black bread”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "leipä",
"t": "bread; loaf"
},
"expansion": "Finnish leipä (“bread; loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klaips",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klaips (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kliẽpas",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kliẽpas (“loaf”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chleb",
"3": "khleb"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chleb and khleb"
},
{
"name": "sense",
"args": {
"1": "brain or head"
},
"expansion": "(brain or head):"
},
{
"name": "ellipsis",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf of bread",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "ellipsis of loaf of bread"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lof<id:loaf>",
"id": "block of bread",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nMiddle English lof\nEnglish loaf"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kʷel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-"
],
[
"*hlaibaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz#Proto-Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"*hlaib",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib#Proto-West_Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English:_bread"
],
[
"lof",
"lof#Middle_English:_loaf"
],
[
"laf",
"laf#Middle_English"
],
[
"lof",
"lof#Middle_English"
],
[
"loof",
"loof#Middle_English"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English"
],
[
"*hlaib",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib"
],
[
"*hlaibaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz"
],
[
"hlifian",
"hlifian#Old_English"
],
[
"Laib",
"Laib#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"lev#Danish"
],
[
"lev",
"lev#Swedish"
],
[
"leivur",
"leivur#Faroese"
],
[
"hleifur",
"hleifur#Icelandic"
],
[
"leiv",
"leiv#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃",
"𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃",
"𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"*xlěbъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xlěbъ"
],
[
"leib",
"leib#Estonian"
],
[
"leipä",
"leipä#Finnish"
],
[
"klaips",
"klaips#Latvian"
],
[
"kliẽpas",
"kliepas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"chleb",
"chleb#English"
],
[
"khleb",
"khleb#English"
],
[
"loaf of bread",
"loaf of bread#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To headbutt"
],
"tags": [
"Cockney",
"slang"
],
"recordId": "29bdfc8fc353c154eaac74208edf40fc9e64035b33ca3ed87d88e3b3062584f7",
"rawRecordSha256": "0d68e20c0041e5e5274404d0cac37e88843e430858df82ed611721a92110c4af",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 213617
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}