Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adj
Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty. · Pertaining to (or, especially of a language: spoken in) in an area which is at a lesser elevation, closer to sea level (especially near the sea), than other regions. · Below the batter's knees. · Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
adv
Close to the ground. · Of a pitch, at a lower frequency. · With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently. · Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply.
noun
A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc). · The minimum atmospheric temperature recorded at a particular location, especially during one 24-hour period. · A period of depression; a depressed mood or situation. · An area of low pressure; a depression.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo lower; to make low.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *légʰyeti Proto-Germanic *ligjaną Proto-Germanic *lēgaz Old Norse lágrbor. Middle English lāh English low From Middle English lah, loue, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“low; flat”), from *ligjaną (“to lie; to lead”), from Proto-Indo-European *légʰyeti (“to be lying down”), from *legʰ- (“to lie”). Cognates Cognate with Scots laich (“low”), Saterland Frisian läich (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), German Low German leeg, leeg' (“low; inferior”), West Flemish leeg (“lazy”), Danish lav (“low”), Faroese and Icelandic lágur (“low”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish låg (“low”), Finnish laaka (“flat”), Ingrian laaku (“gentle”); also Irish laigh, luigh (“to lie”), Manx lhie (“lie; lay”), Scottish Gaelic laigh (“lie; lay”), Faliscan 𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕 (lecet, “he lies down”), Latin lectus (“bed”), South Picene 𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕 (veiat, “to lie”), Ancient Greek λέχομαι (lékhomai, “to lie down”), Albanian lag (“band, encampment, troop”), Belarusian ляжа́ць (ljažácʹ, “to lie”), Bulgarian лежа́ (ležá, “to lie”), Czech ležet (“to lie”), Macedonian лежи (leži, “to lie”), Polish leżeć (“to lie”), Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ, “to lie”), Serbo-Croatian лѐжати, lèžati (“to lie”), Slovene ležáti (“to lie”), Ukrainian лежа́ти (ležáty, “to lie”), Tocharian B lyäk- (“to lie”). More at lie.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*legʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionlahenm
- Derivation mentionlágrnon · low
- Derivation mention*lēgazgem-pro · low; flat
- Derivation mention*légʰyetiine-pro · to be lying down
- Cognate mentionlaichsco · low
- Cognate mentionläichstq · low
- Cognate mentionleechfy · low
- Cognate mentionlaagnl · low
- Cognate mentionleegvls · lazy
- Cognate mentionlavda · low
- Cognate mentionlaakafi · flat
- Cognate mentionlaakuizh · gentle
- Cognate mentionlaighga
- Cognate mentionlhiegv · lie; lay
- Cognate mentionlaighgd · lie; lay
- Cognate mention𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕xfa · he lies down
- Cognate mentionlectusla · bed
- Cognate mention𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕spx · to lie
- Cognate mentionλέχομαιgrc · to lie down
- Cognate mentionlagsq · band, encampment, troop
- Cognate mentionляжа́цьbe · to lie
- Cognate mentionлежа́bg · to lie
- Cognate mentionležetcs · to lie
- Cognate mentionлежиmk · to lie
- Cognate mentionleżećpl · to lie
- Cognate mentionлежа́тьru · to lie
- Cognate mentionлѐжатиsh
- Cognate mentionležátisl · to lie
- Cognate mentionлежа́тиuk · to lie
- Cognate mentionlyäk-txb · to lie
This page abbreviates 27 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lāh",
"id": "at the bottom",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *légʰyeti\nProto-Germanic *ligjaną\nProto-Germanic *lēgaz\nOld Norse lágrbor.\nMiddle English lāh\nEnglish low\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lie\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to lie\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*legʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*légʰyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ligjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lēgaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"lágr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lāh\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"low\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"at the bottom\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"low\" id=\"English:_at_the_bottom\">"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*legʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lah"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lah"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "lágr",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lágr (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lēgaz",
"t": "low; flat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“low; flat”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*légʰyeti",
"t": "to be lying down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *légʰyeti (“to be lying down”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "laich",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Scots laich (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "läich",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian läich (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "leech",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian leech (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laag",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laag (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "leeg"
},
"expansion": "German Low German leeg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "leeg",
"t": "lazy"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish leeg (“lazy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lav",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Danish lav (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "lágur",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic lágur (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn,sv",
"2": "låg",
"t": "low"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish låg (“low”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "laaka",
"t": "flat"
},
"expansion": "Finnish laaka (“flat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "laaku",
"t": "gentle"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian laaku (“gentle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "laigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish laigh"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "lhie",
"t": "lie; lay"
},
"expansion": "Manx lhie (“lie; lay”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "laigh",
"t": "lie; lay"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic laigh (“lie; lay”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕",
"t": "he lies down"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan 𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕 (lecet, “he lies down”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lectus",
"t": "bed"
},
"expansion": "Latin lectus (“bed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "spx",
"2": "𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "South Picene 𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕 (veiat, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέχομαι",
"t": "to lie down"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέχομαι (lékhomai, “to lie down”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lag",
"t": "band, encampment, troop"
},
"expansion": "Albanian lag (“band, encampment, troop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ляжа́ць",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ляжа́ць (ljažácʹ, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "лежа́",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian лежа́ (ležá, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ležet",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Czech ležet (“to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лежи",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian лежи (leži, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "leżeć",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Polish leżeć (“to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лежа́ть",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "лѐжати"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian лѐжати"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ležáti",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Slovene ležáti (“to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "лежа́ти",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian лежа́ти (ležáty, “to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "lyäk-",
"t": "to lie"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B lyäk- (“to lie”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lāh",
"id": "at the bottom",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *legʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *légʰyeti\nProto-Germanic *ligjaną\nProto-Germanic *lēgaz\nOld Norse lágrbor.\nMiddle English lāh\nEnglish low"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_lie"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*légʰyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/légʰyeti#Proto-Indo-European:_to_lie"
],
[
"*ligjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ligjaną"
],
[
"*lēgaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēgaz"
],
[
"lágr",
"lágr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"lāh",
"lah#Middle_English"
],
[
"lah",
"lah#Middle_English"
],
[
"loue",
"loue#Middle_English"
],
[
"lágr",
"lágr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*lēgaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēgaz"
],
[
"*ligjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ligjaną"
],
[
"*légʰyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/légʰyeti"
],
[
"*legʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/legʰ-"
],
[
"laich",
"laich#Scots"
],
[
"läich",
"läich#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"leech",
"leech#West_Frisian"
],
[
"laag",
"laag#Dutch"
],
[
"leeg",
"leeg#Low_German"
],
[
"leeg'",
"leeg'#Low_German"
],
[
"leeg",
"leeg#West_Flemish"
],
[
"lav",
"lav#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"lágur#Faroese"
],
[
"lágur",
"lágur#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"låg#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"låg#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"låg",
"låg#Swedish"
],
[
"laaka",
"laaka#Finnish"
],
[
"laaku",
"laaku#Ingrian"
],
[
"laigh",
"laigh#Irish"
],
[
"luigh",
"luigh#Irish"
],
[
"lhie",
"lhie#Manx"
],
[
"laigh",
"laigh#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕",
"𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕#Faliscan"
],
[
"lectus",
"lectus#Latin"
],
[
"𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕",
"𐌅𐌄𐌉𐌀𐌕#South_Picene"
],
[
"λέχομαι",
"λέχομαι#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"lag",
"lag#Albanian"
],
[
"ляжа́ць",
"ляжаць#Belarusian"
],
[
"лежа́",
"лежа#Bulgarian"
],
[
"ležet",
"ležet#Czech"
],
[
"лежи",
"лежи#Macedonian"
],
[
"leżeć",
"leżeć#Polish"
],
[
"лежа́ть",
"лежать#Russian"
],
[
"лѐжати",
"лежати#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"lèžati",
"ležati#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"ležáti",
"ležati#Slovene"
],
[
"лежа́ти",
"лежати#Ukrainian"
],
[
"lyäk-",
"lyäk-#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty.",
"Pertaining to (or, especially of a language: spoken in) in an area which is at a lesser elevation, closer to sea level (especially near the sea), than other regions.",
"Below the batter's knees.",
"Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured."
],
"tags": [],
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},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Close to the ground.",
"Of a pitch, at a lower frequency.",
"With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently.",
"Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38254
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A low point or position, literally (as, a depth) or figuratively (as, a nadir, a time when things are at their worst, least, minimum, etc).",
"The minimum atmospheric temperature recorded at a particular location, especially during one 24-hour period.",
"A period of depression; a depressed mood or situation.",
"An area of low pressure; a depression."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38253
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To lower; to make low."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
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"lexicalSenses": 27,
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}