Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A frown, a scowl; an angry or sullen look. · Of the sky, the weather, etc.: a dark, gloomy, and threatening appearance.
To frown; to look sullen. · To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; of the sky: to be covered with dark and threatening clouds; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest.
The verb is derived from Middle English louren, lour, loure (“to frown or scowl; to be dark or overcast; to droop, fade, wither; to lurk, skulk”), probably from Old English *lūran, *lūrian, from Proto-Germanic *lūraną (“to lie in wait, lurk”). The English word is cognate with Danish lure (“to lie in ambush; to take a nap”), Middle Dutch loeren (modern Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)), Middle Low German lûren (“to lie in ambush”), German Low German luren (“to lurk”), Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”) (modern German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)), Icelandic lúra (“to take a nap”), Saterland Frisian luurje (“to lie in wait”), West Frisian loere (“to lurk”), and Swedish lura (“to lie in ambush; to deceive, fool, trick; to lure; to take a nap”); and is related to lurk. The noun is derived from the verb.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionlourenenm
- Inherited-form mention*lūranang
- Inherited-form mention*lūranągem-pro
- Cognate mentionlureda
- Cognate mentionloerendum
- Cognate mentionloerennl
- Cognate mentionlûrengml
- Cognate mentionlūrengmh
- Cognate mentionlauernde
- Cognate mentionlúrais
- Cognate mentionluurjestq · to lie in wait
- Cognate mentionloerefy · to lurk
- Cognate mentionlurasv
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "louren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English louren"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*lūran"
},
"expansion": "Old English *lūran"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lūraną",
"4": "",
"5": "to lie in wait, lurk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lūraną (“to lie in wait, lurk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lure",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie in ambush; to take a nap"
},
"expansion": "Danish lure (“to lie in ambush; to take a nap”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "loeren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch loeren"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "loeren",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurk, spy on"
},
"expansion": "Dutch loeren (“to lurk, spy on”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lûren",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie in ambush"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lûren (“to lie in ambush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "luren",
"3": "",
"4": "to lurk"
},
"expansion": "German Low German luren (“to lurk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lūren",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie in ambush"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German lūren (“to lie in ambush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lauern",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie in ambush; to lurk"
},
"expansion": "German lauern (“to lie in ambush; to lurk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lúra",
"3": "",
"4": "to take a nap"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lúra (“to take a nap”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "luurje",
"t": "to lie in wait"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian luurje (“to lie in wait”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "loere",
"t": "to lurk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian loere (“to lurk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lura",
"3": "",
"4": "to lie in ambush; to deceive, fool, trick; to lure; to take a nap"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lura (“to lie in ambush; to deceive, fool, trick; to lure; to take a nap”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
}
],
"links": [
[
"louren",
"louren#Middle_English"
],
[
"lour",
"lour#Middle_English"
],
[
"loure",
"loure#Middle_English"
],
[
"*lūran",
"Reconstruction:Old English/luran"
],
[
"*lūrian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/lurian"
],
[
"*lūraną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūraną"
],
[
"lure",
"lure#Danish"
],
[
"loeren",
"loeren#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"loeren",
"loeren#Dutch"
],
[
"lûren",
"luren#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"luren",
"luren#Low_German"
],
[
"lūren",
"luren#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"lauern",
"lauern#German"
],
[
"lúra",
"lúra#Icelandic"
],
[
"luurje",
"luurje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"loere",
"loere#West_Frisian"
],
[
"lura",
"lura#Swedish"
],
[
"lurk",
"lurk#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A frown, a scowl; an angry or sullen look.",
"Of the sky, the weather, etc.: a dark, gloomy, and threatening appearance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 821231
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To frown; to look sullen.",
"To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; of the sky: to be covered with dark and threatening clouds; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "dde9323a536dff92957980a36ce93682a5c8f47704c373fb1bf2ec120e873a5e",
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}