Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOf great intensity. · Noisy. · Not subtle or reserved, brash. · Having unpleasantly and tastelessly contrasting colours or patterns; gaudy.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz Proto-West Germanic *hlūd Old English hlūd Middle English loude, loud, lud English loud From Middle English loude, loud, lud, from Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz, *hlūþaz (“heard”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewtos (“heard, famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). More at listen. Cognates Akin to Scots loud, lowd (“loud”), Swedish ljud, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk lyd, Faroese ljóð, Icelandic hljóð, West Frisian lûd (“loud”), Dutch luid (“loud”), Low German lud (“loud”), German laut (“loud”), Irish clú (“repute”), Welsh clywed (“heard”), clod (“praise”), Latin laudare (“praise”), Tocharian A/B klots/klautso 'ear', klyostär 'heard', Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”), Albanian quaj (“to name, call”), shquar (“famous, notorious”), Old Armenian լու (lu, “the act of hearing”), Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory”), слово (slovo, “word”), Sanskrit श्रव (śráva, “glory”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ḱlew-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionloudeenm
- Derivation mentionhlūdang
- Derivation mention*hlūdgmw-pro
- Derivation mention*hlūdazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*ḱlewtosine-pro
- Derivation mention*ḱlew-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionloudsco
- Cognate mentionljudsv
- Cognate mentionljóðfo
- Cognate mentionhljóðis
- Cognate mentionlûdfy
- Cognate mentionluidnl
- Cognate mentionludnds
- Cognate mentionlautde
- Cognate mentionclúga
- Cognate mentionclywedcy
- Cognate mentionlaudarela
- Cognate mentionκλυτόςgrc
- Cognate mentionquajsq
- Cognate mentionլուxcl
- Cognate mentionславаcu
- Cognate mentionश्रवsa
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:loud<alt:loude, loud, lud>",
"tree": "+",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlutós\nProto-Germanic *hlūdaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlūd\nOld English hlūd\nMiddle English loude, loud, lud\nEnglish loud\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlūdaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlūd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlūd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"loud\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"loud\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"loud\" id=\"English:_adjective\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "loude"
},
"expansion": "Middle English loude"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlūd",
"4": "",
"5": "loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hlūd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlūd"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlūdaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlewtos",
"4": "",
"5": "heard, famous"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewtos (“heard, famous”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loud"
},
"expansion": "Scots loud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ljud"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ljud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn",
"2": "lyd"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk lyd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ljóð"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ljóð"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hljóð"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hljóð"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lûd",
"3": "",
"4": "loud"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lûd (“loud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "luid",
"3": "",
"4": "loud"
},
"expansion": "Dutch luid (“loud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "lud",
"3": "",
"4": "loud"
},
"expansion": "Low German lud (“loud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "laut",
"3": "",
"4": "loud"
},
"expansion": "German laut (“loud”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "clú",
"3": "",
"4": "repute"
},
"expansion": "Irish clú (“repute”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "clywed",
"3": "",
"4": "heard"
},
"expansion": "Welsh clywed (“heard”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "laudare",
"3": "",
"4": "praise"
},
"expansion": "Latin laudare (“praise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλυτός",
"3": "",
"4": "famous"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "quaj",
"3": "",
"4": "to name, call"
},
"expansion": "Albanian quaj (“to name, call”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լու",
"3": "",
"4": "the act of hearing"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian լու (lu, “the act of hearing”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "слава",
"3": "",
"4": "glory"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "श्रव",
"3": "",
"4": "glory",
"tr": "śráva"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit श्रव (śráva, “glory”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:loud<alt:loude, loud, lud>",
"tree": "+",
"id": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlutós\nProto-Germanic *hlūdaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlūd\nOld English hlūd\nMiddle English loude, loud, lud\nEnglish loud"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-#Proto-Indo-European:_incline"
],
[
"*ḱlew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-#Proto-Indo-European:_hear"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*ḱlutós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlutós#Proto-Indo-European:_heard"
],
[
"*hlūdaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūdaz#Proto-Germanic:_loud"
],
[
"*hlūd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūd"
],
[
"hlūd",
"hlud#Old_English"
],
[
"loude, loud, lud",
"loud#Middle_English"
],
[
"loude",
"loude#Middle_English"
],
[
"loud",
"loud#Middle_English"
],
[
"lud",
"lud#Middle_English"
],
[
"hlūd",
"hlud#Old_English"
],
[
"*hlūd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūd"
],
[
"*hlūdaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūdaz"
],
[
"*hlūþaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlūþaz"
],
[
"*ḱlewtos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlewtos"
],
[
"*ḱlew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
],
[
"loud",
"loud#Scots"
],
[
"lowd",
"lowd#Scots"
],
[
"ljud",
"ljud#Swedish"
],
[
"Danish",
"lyd#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"lyd#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"lyd",
"lyd#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"ljóð",
"ljóð#Faroese"
],
[
"hljóð",
"hljóð#Icelandic"
],
[
"lûd",
"lûd#West_Frisian"
],
[
"luid",
"luid#Dutch"
],
[
"lud",
"lud#Low_German"
],
[
"laut",
"laut#German"
],
[
"clú",
"clú#Irish"
],
[
"clywed",
"clywed#Welsh"
],
[
"clod",
"clod#Welsh"
],
[
"laudare",
"laudare#Latin"
],
[
"Tocharian",
"Tocharian"
],
[
"κλυτός",
"κλυτός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"quaj",
"quaj#Albanian"
],
[
"shquar",
"shquar#Albanian"
],
[
"լու",
"լու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"слава",
"слава#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"слово",
"слово#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"श्रव",
"श्रव#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"word": "lawwi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of great intensity.",
"Noisy.",
"Not subtle or reserved, brash.",
"Having unpleasantly and tastelessly contrasting colours or patterns; gaudy."
],
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"recordId": "2b077cea874ed4dad647d8312042569377d31f9a3bdcac37b1b66caeb4c4d7da",
"rawRecordSha256": "2cd9f515dd620b762291796900b0ff9c48efc5ea5a8e3847f596a08ecf900f00",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 152094
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}