*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of oil

Etymology tree Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der. Latin oleumder. Latin olea Old French oilebor. Middle English oyle English oil From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Old Fren

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

Liquid fat. · Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant. · Petroleum. · An oil painting.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der. Latin oleumder. Latin olea Old French oilebor. Middle English oyle English oil From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Old French oile, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Doublet of oleum. Supplanted Middle English ele (“oil”), from Old English ele (“oil”), also from Latin. Displaced native Old English smireness (“ointment, oil”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionoyleenm
  • Derivation mentionoilefro
  • Derivation mentionoleumla · oil, olive oil
  • Derivation mentionἔλαιονgrc · olive oil
  • Cognate mention*lojьsla-pro
  • Doublet mentionoleumen
  • Cognate mentioneleenm · oil
  • Cognate mentioneleang · oil
  • Non-cognate comparisonsmirenessang

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:oyle",
        "id": "noun",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Hellenic *élaiwon\nAncient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der.\nLatin oleumder.\nLatin olea\nOld French oilebor.\nMiddle English oyle\nEnglish oil\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"olive oil\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"?\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*élaiwon\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἔλαιον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"oleum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"olea\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"oile\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oyle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"oil\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"oil\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "oyle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English oyle"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "oile"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French oile"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "oleum",
        "t": "oil, olive oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἔλαιον",
        "t": "olive oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*lojь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lojь"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "oleum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of oleum"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ele",
        "t": "oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ele (“oil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ele",
        "t": "oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ele (“oil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "smireness",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ointment, oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English smireness (“ointment, oil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:oyle",
        "id": "noun",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Hellenic *élaiwon\nAncient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der.\nLatin oleumder.\nLatin olea\nOld French oilebor.\nMiddle English oyle\nEnglish oil"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*élaiwon",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/élaiwon#Proto-Hellenic:_?"
    ],
    [
      "ἔλαιον",
      "ἔλαιον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "oleum",
      "oleum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "olea",
      "olea#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "oile",
      "oile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "oyle",
      "oyle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oyle",
      "oyle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oile",
      "oile#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oile",
      "oile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "oleum",
      "oleum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ἔλαιον",
      "ἔλαιον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "ἐλαία",
      "ἐλαία#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*lojь",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lojь"
    ],
    [
      "olive",
      "olive#English"
    ],
    [
      "oleum",
      "oleum#English"
    ],
    [
      "ele",
      "ele#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ele",
      "ele#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "smireness",
      "smireness#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Liquid fat.",
        "Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.",
        "Petroleum.",
        "An oil painting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "ee297e10920132148afb91b5bdf996e4d79108cbfc5d497f117eb70575105a1d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "74b22b2a669d5ad90ab407ceb6807f8062385dc160dbb346e3855ab778b1ceb9",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 29398
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 2,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To lubricate with oil. · To grease with oil for cooking. · To fuel with oil. · To say in an unctuous manner.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der. Latin oleumder. Latin olea Old French oilebor. Middle English oyle Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-nom Proto-Indo-European *-onom Proto-Germanic *-aną Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Germanic *-janą Old English -an Middle English -en Middle English oylen English oil From Middle English oylen, from the noun (see above).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionoylenenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:oylen",
        "id": "verb",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Hellenic *élaiwon\nAncient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der.\nLatin oleumder.\nLatin olea\nOld French oilebor.\nMiddle English oyle\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English oylen\nEnglish oil\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"olive oil\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"?\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*élaiwon\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἔλαιον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"oleum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"olea\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"oile\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oyle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"infinitival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-nom\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-aną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"causative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"causative suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-en\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oylen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"oil\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"verb\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"oil\" id=\"English:_verb\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "oylen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English oylen"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:oylen",
        "id": "verb",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Hellenic *élaiwon\nAncient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der.\nLatin oleumder.\nLatin olea\nOld French oilebor.\nMiddle English oyle\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English oylen\nEnglish oil"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*élaiwon",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/élaiwon#Proto-Hellenic:_?"
    ],
    [
      "ἔλαιον",
      "ἔλαιον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "oleum",
      "oleum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "olea",
      "olea#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "oile",
      "oile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "oyle",
      "oyle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*-o-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-o-"
    ],
    [
      "*-nom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
    ],
    [
      "*-onom",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-onom"
    ],
    [
      "*-aną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-aną"
    ],
    [
      "*-yeti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-éyeti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti#Proto-Indo-European:_causative_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-janą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-janą#Proto-Germanic:_causative"
    ],
    [
      "-an",
      "-an#Old_English:_infinitival"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ],
    [
      "oylen",
      "oylen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oylen",
      "oylen#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To lubricate with oil.",
        "To grease with oil for cooking.",
        "To fuel with oil.",
        "To say in an unctuous manner."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "idiomatic",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "3470937adfcb0ee1a2534644c52c294a5253145fbdd1b6ae771a1c4db0ab1638",
      "rawRecordSha256": "1f1e0798cc77db04c543ff26b8dba8c99963060fbbba6a77fceb6250ea6fee6b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 29399
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for oil →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-b2ls