Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo do or say something for amusement rather than seriously. · To dupe in a friendly manner for amusement; to mess with, play with. · To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *yek- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *yókos Proto-Italic *jokos Latin iocus English joke From Latin iocus (“joke, jest, pastime”), from Proto-Italic *jokos (“word, (playful?) saying”), from Proto-Indo-European *yokos (“word, utterance”), from ultimate root Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to speak, utter”) (of which distant cognates include Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”) (Breton yezh (“language”) and Welsh iaith (“language”)) and German Beichte (“confession”)). Cognate with French jeu, Italian gioco, Portuguese jogo, Spanish juego, Romanian joc, English Yule, Danish Jule, Norwegian Bokmål Jul, Swedish Jul, and Norwegian Nynorsk jol.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*yek-ine-pro
- Unspecified derivation mentioniocusla
- Derivation mention*jokositc-pro
- Derivation mention*yokosine-pro
- Derivation mention*yek-ine-pro
- Cognate mention*yextiscel-pro
- Cognate mentionyezhbr
- Cognate mentioniaithcy
- Cognate mentionBeichtede
- Cognate mentionjeufr
- Cognate mentiongiocoit
- Cognate mentionjogopt
- Cognate mentionjuegoes
- Cognate mentionjocro
- Cognate mentionYuleen
- Cognate mentionJuleda
- Cognate mentionJulnb
- Cognate mentionJulsv
- Cognate mentionjolnn
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yek-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":uder",
"3": "la:iocus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yek-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *yókos\nProto-Italic *jokos\nLatin iocus\nEnglish joke\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*jokos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"iocus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"joke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"joke\">"
},
{
"name": "uder",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "iocus",
"4": "",
"5": "joke, jest, pastime"
},
"expansion": "Latin iocus (“joke, jest, pastime”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*jokos",
"4": "",
"5": "word, (playful?) saying"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *jokos (“word, (playful?) saying”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yokos",
"4": "",
"5": "word, utterance"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yokos (“word, utterance”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yek-",
"4": "",
"5": "to speak, utter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to speak, utter”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*yextis",
"3": "",
"4": "language"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "yezh",
"3": "",
"4": "language"
},
"expansion": "Breton yezh (“language”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "iaith",
"3": "",
"4": "language"
},
"expansion": "Welsh iaith (“language”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beichte",
"3": "",
"4": "confession"
},
"expansion": "German Beichte (“confession”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "jeu"
},
"expansion": "French jeu"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gioco"
},
"expansion": "Italian gioco"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "jogo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese jogo"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "juego"
},
"expansion": "Spanish juego"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "joc"
},
"expansion": "Romanian joc"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Yule"
},
"expansion": "English Yule"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "Jule"
},
"expansion": "Danish Jule"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "Jul"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål Jul"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "Jul"
},
"expansion": "Swedish Jul"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "jol"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk jol"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":uder",
"3": "la:iocus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *yek-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *yókos\nProto-Italic *jokos\nLatin iocus\nEnglish joke"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*yek-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yek-"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*jokos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/jokos"
],
[
"iocus",
"iocus#Latin"
],
[
"iocus",
"iocus#Latin"
],
[
"pastime",
"pastime"
],
[
"*jokos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/jokos"
],
[
"*yokos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yokos"
],
[
"*yek-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yek-"
],
[
"*yextis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/yextis"
],
[
"yezh",
"yezh#Breton"
],
[
"iaith",
"iaith#Welsh"
],
[
"Beichte",
"Beichte#German"
],
[
"jeu",
"jeu#French"
],
[
"gioco",
"gioco#Italian"
],
[
"jogo",
"jogo#Portuguese"
],
[
"juego",
"juego#Spanish"
],
[
"joc",
"joc#Romanian"
],
[
"Yule",
"Yule#English"
],
[
"Jule",
"Jule#Danish"
],
[
"Jul",
"Jul#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Jul",
"Jul#Swedish"
],
[
"jol",
"jol#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To do or say something for amusement rather than seriously.",
"To dupe in a friendly manner for amusement; to mess with, play with.",
"To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"dated",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "cceb1c42429fe471f8ba70eab577f25a1613b6366ccea7b45853a98acc8d8d74",
"rawRecordSha256": "0991c968d365014452c73f071e3f4aa51eb64f76e23993433aac8a268f0cb5ec",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 201353
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}