*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of joy

The noun is from Middle English joye, borrowed from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of jo and

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗
intj

Expressing appreciation and happiness.

verb

To feel joy, to rejoice. · To enjoy. · To give joy to; to congratulate. · To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

The noun is from Middle English joye, borrowed from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of jo and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”). Displaced native Old English ġefēa. The interjection is from the noun. The verb is from Middle English joyen, joȝen, joien, from Old French jöir, from the Old French noun (see above).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionjoyeenm
  • Derivation mentionjoiefro
  • Derivation mentiongaudiumla
  • Doublet mentionjoen
  • Doublet mentiongaudyen · Oxford college reunion
  • Non-cognate comparisonġefēaang
  • Inherited-form mentionjoyenenm
  • Derivation mentionjöirfro
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:joye"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"gaudia\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gaudeō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gaudium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"joie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"joye\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"joy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"joy\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "joye"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English joye"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "joie"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French joie"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "gaudia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin gaudia"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "gaudium",
        "4": "",
        "5": "joy"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gaudium (“joy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jo",
        "3": "gaudy",
        "t2": "Oxford college reunion"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of jo and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġefēa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġefēa"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "joyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English joyen"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jöir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jöir"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:joye"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "joye",
      "joye#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joie",
      "joie#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "gaudia",
      "gaudia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "gaudium",
      "gaudium#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "gaudēre",
      "gaudere#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "jo",
      "jo#English"
    ],
    [
      "gaudy",
      "gaudy#English"
    ],
    [
      "ġefēa",
      "gefea#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "joyen",
      "joyen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joȝen",
      "joȝen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joien",
      "joien#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "jöir",
      "jöir#Old_French"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "intj",
      "glosses": [
        "Expressing appreciation and happiness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "often",
        "sarcastic"
      ],
      "recordId": "886ea45ab83a6c78317e376da7cffee4b99e8e75e11b8282442b078397ea6bb2",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8118332050d357710c2c4af36025bddeaca7054bc7ab7bdbb276ca900a279258",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 163572
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To feel joy, to rejoice.",
        "To enjoy.",
        "To give joy to; to congratulate.",
        "To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "archaic",
        "transitive",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "e7b7abfa17d5324da0ea1a139b803b33cd3aa196f9203bf0b15489afd319e3e2",
      "rawRecordSha256": "346fe26c98587ad7d5ff00712d8f3cbcee114f0b6c556b54381e0bfa4e85e8ef",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 163573
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗
noun

A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good. · Anything that causes such a feeling. · Luck or success; a positive outcome. · The sign or exhibition of joy; gaiety; merriment; festivity.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

The noun is from Middle English joye, borrowed from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of jo and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”). Displaced native Old English ġefēa. The interjection is from the noun. The verb is from Middle English joyen, joȝen, joien, from Old French jöir, from the Old French noun (see above).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionjoyeenm
  • Derivation mentionjoiefro
  • Derivation mentiongaudiumla
  • Doublet mentionjoen
  • Doublet mentiongaudyen · Oxford college reunion
  • Non-cognate comparisonġefēaang
  • Inherited-form mentionjoyenenm
  • Derivation mentionjöirfro
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:joye"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"gaudia\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gaudeō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gaudium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"joie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"joye\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"joy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"joy\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "joye"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English joye"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "joie"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French joie"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "gaudia"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin gaudia"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "gaudium",
        "4": "",
        "5": "joy"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gaudium (“joy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jo",
        "3": "gaudy",
        "t2": "Oxford college reunion"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of jo and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġefēa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġefēa"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "joyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English joyen"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "jöir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French jöir"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:joye"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "joye",
      "joye#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joie",
      "joie#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "gaudia",
      "gaudia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "gaudium",
      "gaudium#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "gaudēre",
      "gaudere#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "jo",
      "jo#English"
    ],
    [
      "gaudy",
      "gaudy#English"
    ],
    [
      "ġefēa",
      "gefea#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "joyen",
      "joyen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joȝen",
      "joȝen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "joien",
      "joien#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "jöir",
      "jöir#Old_French"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Krio",
      "lang_code": "kri",
      "word": "jɔy"
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.",
        "Anything that causes such a feeling.",
        "Luck or success; a positive outcome.",
        "The sign or exhibition of joy; gaiety; merriment; festivity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "73f81aa7dced3c719b7ea1fbc33506661807770835256b5266e3368369caef35",
      "rawRecordSha256": "abfd913a64e14de560cd78ab4fe55e151117960c069a7076ba41eb708029e2eb",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 163571
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for joy →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-am95