Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryWater in frozen (solid) form. · Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide. · Any volatile chemical, such as water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, not necessarily in solid form, when discussing the composition of e.g. a planet as an ice giant vs a gas giant. · Something having an extreme coldness of manner.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der. Proto-Germanic *īsą Proto-West Germanic *īs Old English īs Middle English is English ice From Middle English hyse, hyys, ice, ijs, is, yce, ys, yys, from Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian Iis, is (“ice”), Saterland Frisian Ies (“ice”), West Frisian iis (“ice”), Alemannic German Iis, isch, éisch (“ice”), Bavarian, Cimbrian, and Mòcheno ais (“ice”), Dutch ijs (“ice”), German Eis (“ice”), German Low German Ies (“ice”), Luxembourgish Äis (“ice”), Vilamovian ajs (“ice”), Yiddish אײַז (ayz, “ice”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish is (“ice”), Elfdalian ais (“ice”), Faroese ísur (“ice”), Icelandic ís (“ice”); also Cornish yey (“ice”), yeyn (“cold”), Irish oighear (“ice”), Scottish Gaelic deigh, eigh, eighre (“ice”), Welsh iâ (“ice”), Lithuanian ýnis (“hoar frost”), Bulgarian and Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoar frost”), Czech jíní (“frost”), Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian и́ње (“hoar frost”), Ukrainian і́ній (ínij, “hoar frost, rime”), Ossetian их (ix, “ice”), Armenian եղյամ (eġyam, “frost, hoar frost, rime”), Persian یخ (yax, “ice”), Hittite 𒂊𒃷 (“ice”). Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhyseenm
- Inherited-form mentionīsang
- Inherited-form mention*īsgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*īsągem-pro · ice
- Derivation mention*h₁eyH-ine-pro · ice, frost
- Cognate mentionIisfrr
- Cognate mentionIesstq · ice
- Cognate mentioniisfy · ice
- Cognate mentionIisgsw
- Cognate mentionijsnl · ice
- Cognate mentionEisde · ice
- Cognate mentionÄislb · ice
- Cognate mentionajswym · ice
- Cognate mentionאײַזyi · ice
- Cognate mentionaisovd · ice
- Cognate mentionísurfo · ice
- Cognate mentionísis · ice
- Cognate mentionyeykw · ice
- Cognate mentionoighearga · ice
- Cognate mentiondeighgd
- Cognate mentioniâcy · ice
- Cognate mentionýnislt · hoar frost
- Cognate mentionjínícs · frost
- Cognate mentionі́нійuk · hoar frost, rime
- Cognate mentionихos · ice
- Cognate mentionեղյամhy · frost, hoar frost, rime
- Cognate mentionیخfa · ice
- Cognate mention𒂊𒃷hit · ice
- Non-cognate comparisonglaceenm · ice
- Non-cognate comparisonglacefro · ice
This page abbreviates 12 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:is<id:ice>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der.\nProto-Germanic *īsą\nProto-West Germanic *īs\nOld English īs\nMiddle English is\nEnglish ice\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁eyH-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁eyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īs\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"is\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ice\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ice\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hyse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hyse"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īs"
},
"expansion": "Old English īs"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*īs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īs"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*īsą",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eyH-",
"t": "ice, frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Iis"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian Iis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Ies",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Ies (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "iis",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian iis (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Iis"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Iis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar,cim,mhn",
"2": "ais",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian, Cimbrian, and Mòcheno ais (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ijs",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ijs (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Eis",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "German Eis (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Ies",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Ies (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Äis",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Äis (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "ajs",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian ajs (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אײַז",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish אײַז (ayz, “ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "is",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish is (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "ais",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian ais (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ísur",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Faroese ísur (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "ís",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic ís (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "yey",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Cornish yey (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "oighear",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Irish oighear (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "deigh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic deigh"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "iâ",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Welsh iâ (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ýnis",
"t": "hoar frost"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ýnis (“hoar frost”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg,ru",
"2": "и́ней",
"t": "hoar frost"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian and Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoar frost”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jíní",
"t": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Czech jíní (“frost”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk,sh",
"2": "и́ње",
"t": "hoar frost"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian и́ње (“hoar frost”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "і́ній",
"t": "hoar frost, rime"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian і́ній (ínij, “hoar frost, rime”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "их",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian их (ix, “ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "եղյամ",
"t": "frost, hoar frost, rime"
},
"expansion": "Armenian եղյամ (eġyam, “frost, hoar frost, rime”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "یخ",
"tr": "yax",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Persian یخ (yax, “ice”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒂊𒃷",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒂊𒃷 (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "glace",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Middle English glace (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "glace",
"t": "ice"
},
"expansion": "Old French glace (“ice”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:is<id:ice>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der.\nProto-Germanic *īsą\nProto-West Germanic *īs\nOld English īs\nMiddle English is\nEnglish ice"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁eyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁eyH-"
],
[
"*īsą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsą"
],
[
"*īs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/īs"
],
[
"īs",
"is#Old_English:_ice"
],
[
"is",
"is#Middle_English:_ice"
],
[
"hyse",
"hyse#Middle_English"
],
[
"hyys",
"hyys#Middle_English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#Middle_English"
],
[
"ijs",
"ijs#Middle_English"
],
[
"is",
"is#Middle_English"
],
[
"yce",
"yce#Middle_English"
],
[
"ys",
"ys#Middle_English"
],
[
"yys",
"yys#Middle_English"
],
[
"īs",
"is#Old_English"
],
[
"*īs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/īs"
],
[
"*īsą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsą"
],
[
"*h₁eyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁eyH-"
],
[
"Iis",
"Iis#North_Frisian"
],
[
"is",
"is#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Ies",
"Ies#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"iis",
"iis#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Iis",
"Iis#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"isch",
"isch#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"éisch",
"éisch#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Bavarian",
"ais#Bavarian"
],
[
"Cimbrian",
"ais#Cimbrian"
],
[
"ais",
"ais#Mòcheno"
],
[
"ijs",
"ijs#Dutch"
],
[
"Eis",
"Eis#German"
],
[
"Ies",
"Ies#Low_German"
],
[
"Äis",
"Äis#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"ajs",
"ajs#Vilamovian"
],
[
"אײַז",
"אײַז#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"is#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"is#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"is#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"is",
"is#Swedish"
],
[
"ais",
"ais#Elfdalian"
],
[
"ísur",
"ísur#Faroese"
],
[
"ís",
"ís#Icelandic"
],
[
"yey",
"yey#Cornish"
],
[
"yeyn",
"yeyn#Cornish"
],
[
"oighear",
"oighear#Irish"
],
[
"deigh",
"deigh#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"eigh",
"eigh#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"eighre",
"eighre#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"iâ",
"iâ#Welsh"
],
[
"ýnis",
"ynis#Lithuanian"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"иней#Bulgarian"
],
[
"и́ней",
"иней#Russian"
],
[
"jíní",
"jíní#Czech"
],
[
"Macedonian",
"иње#Macedonian"
],
[
"и́ње",
"иње#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"і́ній",
"іній#Ukrainian"
],
[
"их",
"их#Ossetian"
],
[
"եղյամ",
"եղյամ#Armenian"
],
[
"یخ",
"یخ#Persian"
],
[
"𒂊𒃷",
"𒂊𒃷#Hittite"
],
[
"glace",
"glace#Middle_English"
],
[
"glace",
"glace#Old_French"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "aes"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "aes"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "ais"
},
{
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"lang_code": "kxd",
"word": "ais",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "アイス",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "aisu"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "아이스",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "aiseu"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "ais",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"word": "ഐസ്",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "aisŭ"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "aej",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "aij",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Pohnpeian",
"lang_code": "pon",
"word": "ais",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "айс",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ajs"
},
{
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"lang_code": "si",
"word": "අයිස්",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ayis"
},
{
"lang": "Tokelauan",
"lang_code": "tkl",
"word": "aiha",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Water in frozen (solid) form.",
"Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.",
"Any volatile chemical, such as water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, not necessarily in solid form, when discussing the composition of e.g. a planet as an ice giant vs a gas giant.",
"Something having an extreme coldness of manner."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "c6483a4061d8a3187b00e4a071b7deff9fb5ad74fe4432045310f6f6bacab2b6",
"rawRecordSha256": "e0fe3d4569f81f79abff367567d1641e5ec046cfc4151be965639f44717229c6",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36495
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 12,
"glosses": 0
}
}