*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-. Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *upó Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó) Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der. English hypo-

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
prefix

Below; beneath; under. · Deficient; less than normal. · Designating oxoacid and oxyanions with a low amount of oxygen. · Having a range which extends from a perfect fourth below the tonic to a perfect fifth above.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-. Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *upó Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó) Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der. English hypo-

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ὑπο-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sub-"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of sub-"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "grc:ὑπο-",
        "id": "under",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó)\nAncient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.\nEnglish hypo-\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upó\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔πό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ὑπο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hypo-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"under\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hypo-\" id=\"English:_under\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "grc:ὑπο-",
        "id": "under",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó)\nAncient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.\nEnglish hypo-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ὑπο-",
      "ὑπο-#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "ὑπό",
      "ὑπό#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "sub-",
      "sub-#English"
    ],
    [
      "*upó",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó"
    ],
    [
      "ῠ̔πό",
      "ὑπό#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "ὑπο-",
      "ὑπο-#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "Below; beneath; under.",
        "Deficient; less than normal.",
        "Designating oxoacid and oxyanions with a low amount of oxygen.",
        "Having a range which extends from a perfect fourth below the tonic to a perfect fifth above."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "53387d26820fde6c0e3899b9f09573a51cdf2e83c437aae5ee6345ddc0e960ad",
      "rawRecordSha256": "cf4772da1531f8daf9c306948967ccb45d9e8455f7eb93c39ebcbca410636772",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 1157235
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for hypo- →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
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Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aHlwby0