Etymology of hill

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

verb

To form into a heap or mound. · To heap or draw earth around plants.

noun

An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain. · A sloping part of a landscape, especially one with a road, trail, etc. · A heap of earth surrounding a plant. · A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English hil (“hill”), from Old English hyll (“hill”), from Proto-West Germanic *hulli (“hill”), from Proto-Germanic *hulliz (“hill”), from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís (“top, hill, rock”) (compare also Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, rock”)). Cognate with Middle Dutch hille, hulle (“hill”), Low German hull (“hill”), Faroese hólur (“hill”), Icelandic and Old Norse hóll (“hill”), Norn hul (“hillock”), Norwegian hol (“low hillock”), Swedish kulle (“hill”), Catalan coll (“hill”), Italian colle (“hill”), Latin collis (“hill”), Lithuanian kalnas (“hill, mountain”), Albanian kallumë (“big pile, tall heap”), Russian холм (xolm, “hill”), Old English holm (“rising land, island”). More at holm.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Root classification mention*kelH-ine-pro
Inherited-form mentionhilenm · hill
Inherited-form mentionhyllang · hill
Inherited-form mention*hulligmw-pro · hill
Inherited-form mention*hullizgem-pro · hill
Cognate mentionhilledum
Cognate mentionhullnds
Cognate mentionhólurfo
Cognate mentionhóllnon
Cognate mentionhulnrn
Cognate mentionholno
Cognate mentionkullesv
Cognate mentioncollca
Cognate mentioncolleit
Cognate mentioncollisla
Cognate mentionkalnaslt
Cognate mentionkallumësq
Cognate mentionхолмru
Cognate mentionholmang

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kelH-"
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    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hil",
        "t": "hill"
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      "expansion": "Middle English hil (“hill”)"
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    {
      "name": "inh",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
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      "expansion": "Old English hyll (“hill”)"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulliz (“hill”)"
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
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        "t": "top, hill, rock"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís (“top, hill, rock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
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        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*halluz",
        "3": "",
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "hille"
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      "expansion": "Middle Dutch hille"
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    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "hull",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
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      "expansion": "Low German hull (“hill”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
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        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese hólur (“hill”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
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      "expansion": "Icelandic"
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hóll",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
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      "expansion": "Old Norse hóll (“hill”)"
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
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        "2": "hul",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hillock"
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      "expansion": "Norn hul (“hillock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "hol",
        "3": "",
        "4": "low hillock"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian hol (“low hillock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kulle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kulle (“hill”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "coll",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan coll (“hill”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "colle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian colle (“hill”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "collis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin collis (“hill”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kalnas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill, mountain"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kalnas (“hill, mountain”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kallumë",
        "3": "",
        "4": "big pile, tall heap"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kallumë (“big pile, tall heap”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "холм",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian холм (xolm, “hill”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "holm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rising land, island"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English holm (“rising land, island”)"
    }
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    [
      "hil",
      "hil#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hyll",
      "hyll#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hulli",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hulli"
    ],
    [
      "*hulliz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulliz"
    ],
    [
      "*halluz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halluz"
    ],
    [
      "hille",
      "hille#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
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      "hulle",
      "hulle#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
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      "hull",
      "hull#Low_German"
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      "hólur",
      "hólur#Faroese"
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    [
      "hóll",
      "hóll#Old_Norse"
    ],
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      "hul",
      "hul#Norn"
    ],
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      "hol",
      "hol#Norwegian"
    ],
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      "kulle",
      "kulle#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "coll",
      "coll#Catalan"
    ],
    [
      "colle",
      "colle#Italian"
    ],
    [
      "collis",
      "collis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "kalnas",
      "kalnas#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "kallumë",
      "kallumë#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "холм",
      "холм#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "holm",
      "holm#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "holm",
      "holm#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To form into a heap or mound.",
        "To heap or draw earth around plants."
      ],
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        "An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain.",
        "A sloping part of a landscape, especially one with a road, trail, etc.",
        "A heap of earth surrounding a plant.",
        "A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them."
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot