Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
A place or situation of great suffering in life. · A place for gambling. · An extremely hot place. · Used as an intensifier in phrases grammatically requiring a noun.
verb
To make hellish; to place (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell. · To hurry, rush. · To move quickly and loudly; to raise hell as part of motion.
intj
Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger. · Used to emphasize. · Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but.
adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAlternative form of the hell or like hell. · Very; used to emphasize strongly.
From Middle English hel, hell, helle, hælle, from Old English hel, hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō (“hell, netherworld”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). First attested in c. 725. Cognates Cognate with Yola helle (“hell”), Saterland Frisian Hälle (“hell”), West Frisian hel (“hell”), Alemannic German Hell (“hell”), Cimbrian hélla (“hell”), Dutch hel (“hell”), German Hölle (“hell”), Limburgish hel, Héll, Höll (“hell”), Luxembourgish Häll (“hell”), Vilamovian heł, hełł (“hell”), Danish helvede (“hell”), ihjel (“to death”), Faroese helviti (“hell”), Icelandic hel (“death, hell”), helvíti (“hell”), Norwegian Nynorsk hel (“death, underworld”), helvete (“hell”), Swedish helvete (“hell”), ihjäl (“to death”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja, “hell”), Estonian koll (“bugbear”), Finnish koljo (“giant; evil spirit; devil”); also Cornish keles (“to conceal, hide”), Irish ceil (“to conceal, hide; to cover up”), Welsh celu (“to conceal, hide”), Faliscan 𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀 (cela, “tomb”), Latin cella (“hut, storeroom; barn, granary”), Greek κολεός (koleós, “vagina; sheath; scabbard; coleus”), Lithuanian šalmas (“helmet”), Belarusian шало́м (šalóm, “helmet”), Bulgarian and Macedonian шлем (šlem, “helmet”), Old Polish szłom (“helmet”), Russian шело́м (šelóm), шлем (šlem, “helmet”), Serbo-Croatian шле̏м, шље̏м, šlȅm, šljȅm (“helmet”), Ukrainian шолом (šolom, “helmet”), Sanskrit शर्मन् (śarman, “safety, shelter; house; bliss, happiness, joy”). Also related to the Hel of Germanic mythology. See also hele.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhelenm
- Inherited-form mentionhelang
- Inherited-form mention*halljugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*haljōgem-pro · hell, netherworld
- Derivation mention*ḱel-ine-pro · to cover
- Cognate mentionhelleyol · hell
- Cognate mentionHällestq · hell
- Cognate mentionhelfy · hell
- Cognate mentionHellgsw · hell
- Cognate mentionhéllacim · hell
- Cognate mentionhelnl · hell
- Cognate mentionHöllede · hell
- Cognate mentionhelli
- Cognate mentionHälllb · hell
- Cognate mentionhełwym
- Cognate mentionhelvededa · hell
- Cognate mentionhelvitifo · hell
- Cognate mentionhelis · death, hell
- Cognate mentionhelnn · death, underworld
- Cognate mentionhelvetesv · hell
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰got · hell
- Cognate mentionkollet · bugbear
- Cognate mentionkoljofi · giant; evil spirit; devil
- Cognate mentionkeleskw · to conceal, hide
- Cognate mentionceilga · to conceal, hide; to cover up
- Cognate mentioncelucy · to conceal, hide
- Cognate mention𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀xfa · tomb
- Cognate mentioncellala · hut, storeroom; barn, granary
- Cognate mentionκολεόςel · vagina; sheath; scabbard; coleus
- Cognate mentionšalmaslt · helmet
- Cognate mentionшало́мbe · helmet
- Cognate mentionszłomzlw-opl · helmet
- Cognate mentionшело́мru
- Cognate mentionшле̏мsh
- Cognate mentionшоломuk · helmet
- Cognate mentionशर्मन्sa · safety, shelter; house; bliss, happiness, joy
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:helle"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱel-yo-\\/\\/*ḱol-yeh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"cover\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haljō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hallju\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hell\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"helle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hell\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hell\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hel"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Old English hel"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hallju"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljō",
"t": "hell, netherworld"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljō (“hell, netherworld”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)"
},
{
"name": "etydate",
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "725"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 725"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "helle",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Yola helle (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Hälle",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Hälle (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hel",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian hel (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Hell",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Hell (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hélla",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian hélla (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hel",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hel (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hölle",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "German Hölle (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish hel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Häll",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Häll (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "heł"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian heł"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "helvede",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Danish helvede (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "helviti",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Faroese helviti (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hel",
"t": "death, hell"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hel (“death, hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hel",
"t": "death, underworld"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk hel (“death, underworld”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "helvete",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Swedish helvete (“hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰",
"t": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja, “hell”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "koll",
"t": "bugbear"
},
"expansion": "Estonian koll (“bugbear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koljo",
"t": "giant; evil spirit; devil"
},
"expansion": "Finnish koljo (“giant; evil spirit; devil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "keles",
"t": "to conceal, hide"
},
"expansion": "Cornish keles (“to conceal, hide”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ceil",
"t": "to conceal, hide; to cover up"
},
"expansion": "Irish ceil (“to conceal, hide; to cover up”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "celu",
"t": "to conceal, hide"
},
"expansion": "Welsh celu (“to conceal, hide”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀",
"t": "tomb"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan 𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀 (cela, “tomb”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cella",
"t": "hut, storeroom; barn, granary"
},
"expansion": "Latin cella (“hut, storeroom; barn, granary”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κολεός",
"t": "vagina; sheath; scabbard; coleus"
},
"expansion": "Greek κολεός (koleós, “vagina; sheath; scabbard; coleus”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šalmas",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šalmas (“helmet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "шало́м",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian шало́м (šalóm, “helmet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg,mk",
"2": "шлем",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian and Macedonian шлем (šlem, “helmet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "szłom",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish szłom (“helmet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "шело́м"
},
"expansion": "Russian шело́м (šelóm)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "шле̏м"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian шле̏м"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "шолом",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian шолом (šolom, “helmet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शर्मन्",
"t": "safety, shelter; house; bliss, happiness, joy"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शर्मन् (śarman, “safety, shelter; house; bliss, happiness, joy”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:helle"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"hel",
"hel#Middle_English"
],
[
"hell",
"hell#Middle_English"
],
[
"helle",
"helle#Middle_English"
],
[
"hælle",
"hælle#Middle_English"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#Old_English"
],
[
"hell",
"hell#Old_English"
],
[
"*hallju",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hallju"
],
[
"*haljō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō"
],
[
"*ḱel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
],
[
"helle",
"helle#Yola"
],
[
"Hälle",
"Hälle#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Hell",
"Hell#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"hélla",
"hélla#Cimbrian"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#Dutch"
],
[
"Hölle",
"Hölle#German"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#Limburgish"
],
[
"Héll",
"Héll#Limburgish"
],
[
"Höll",
"Höll#Limburgish"
],
[
"Häll",
"Häll#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"heł",
"heł#Vilamovian"
],
[
"hełł",
"hełł#Vilamovian"
],
[
"helvede",
"helvede#Danish"
],
[
"ihjel",
"ihjel#Danish"
],
[
"helviti",
"helviti#Faroese"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#Icelandic"
],
[
"helvíti",
"helvíti#Icelandic"
],
[
"hel",
"hel#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"helvete",
"helvete#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"helvete",
"helvete#Swedish"
],
[
"ihjäl",
"ihjäl#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰",
"𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰#Gothic"
],
[
"koll",
"koll#Estonian"
],
[
"koljo",
"koljo#Finnish"
],
[
"keles",
"keles#Cornish"
],
[
"ceil",
"ceil#Irish"
],
[
"celu",
"celu#Welsh"
],
[
"𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀",
"𐌂𐌄𐌋𐌀#Faliscan"
],
[
"cella",
"cella#Latin"
],
[
"κολεός",
"κολεός#Greek"
],
[
"šalmas",
"šalmas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"шало́м",
"шалом#Belarusian"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"шлем#Bulgarian"
],
[
"шлем",
"шлем#Macedonian"
],
[
"szłom",
"szłom#Old_Polish"
],
[
"шело́м",
"шелом#Russian"
],
[
"шлем",
"шлем#Russian"
],
[
"шле̏м",
"шлем#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"шље̏м",
"шљем#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"šlȅm",
"šlem#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"šljȅm",
"šljem#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"шолом",
"шолом#Ukrainian"
],
[
"शर्मन्",
"शर्मन्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"Hel",
"Hel#English"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"hele",
"hele#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A place or situation of great suffering in life.",
"A place for gambling.",
"An extremely hot place.",
"Used as an intensifier in phrases grammatically requiring a noun."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"excessive",
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"mildly",
"vulgar"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 6732
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make hellish; to place (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell.",
"To hurry, rush.",
"To move quickly and loudly; to raise hell as part of motion."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"sometimes",
"vulgar",
"intransitive"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 6735
},
{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger.",
"Used to emphasize.",
"Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"sometimes",
"vulgar",
"idiomatic"
],
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},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of the hell or like hell.",
"Very; used to emphasize strongly."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"colloquial",
"not-comparable",
"postpositional",
"sometimes",
"vulgar",
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
],
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}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 3,
"glosses": 0
}
}