Source etymology 2
Original entry ↗To hide, conceal, and keep secret, especially for a secret society (such as the masons). · To cover or conceal (a seedling, plant, roots, etc).
From Middle English helen, helien, from Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb) and helian (“to conceal, cover, hide”, weak verb), from Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”) and Proto-Germanic *haljaną (“to hull, conceal”); both from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”). Cognate with Scots heal (“to cover, hide, conceal”), Saterland Frisian hela (“to conceal”), Dutch helen (“to conceal”), German hehlen (“to deal in stolen or illegal goods”), Swedish häla (“hide”) and hälare (“fence, peddler of stolen goods”), as well as with helmet and Latin cēlō (“conceal”). Related to hole, hull.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ḱel- (cover)ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionhelenenm
- Inherited-form mentionhelanang · to conceal, cover, hide
- Inherited-form mention*helangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*helanągem-pro · to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods
- Inherited-form mention*haljanągem-pro · to hull, conceal
- Derivation mention*ḱel-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionhealsco · to cover, hide, conceal
- Cognate mentionhelastq · to conceal
- Cognate mentionhelennl · to conceal
- Cognate mentionhehlende · to deal in stolen or illegal goods
- Cognate mentionhälasv
- Cognate mentioncēlōla
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "helen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English helen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helan",
"t": "to conceal, cover, hide",
"pos": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helaną",
"t": "to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljaną",
"t": "to hull, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljaną (“to hull, conceal”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heal",
"t": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Scots heal (“to cover, hide, conceal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hela",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian hela (“to conceal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helen",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helen (“to conceal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hehlen",
"t": "to deal in stolen or illegal goods"
},
"expansion": "German hehlen (“to deal in stolen or illegal goods”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "häla",
"3": "",
"4": "hide"
},
"expansion": "Swedish häla (“hide”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēlō",
"3": "",
"4": "conceal"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēlō (“conceal”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"helen",
"helen#Middle_English"
],
[
"helien",
"helien#Middle_English"
],
[
"helan",
"helan#Old_English"
],
[
"helian",
"helian#Old_English"
],
[
"*helan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helan"
],
[
"*helaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helaną"
],
[
"*haljaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljaną"
],
[
"*ḱel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-"
],
[
"heal",
"heal#Scots"
],
[
"hela",
"hela#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"helen",
"helen#Dutch"
],
[
"hehlen",
"hehlen#German"
],
[
"häla",
"häla#Swedish"
],
[
"hälare",
"hälare#Swedish"
],
[
"helmet",
"helmet#English"
],
[
"cēlō",
"celo#Latin"
],
[
"hole",
"hole#English"
],
[
"hull",
"hull#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To hide, conceal, and keep secret, especially for a secret society (such as the masons).",
"To cover or conceal (a seedling, plant, roots, etc)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"rare",
"especially"
],
"recordId": "05ff36d7f02e81624aaea058e056f29e661b8a24871f600aaa03436dfcf2d89c",
"rawRecordSha256": "4445a1be7f4b44673c04b57b07b828da1acf27fff0934a6fcc5f22d1c6eb3e80",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 559920
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}