Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To guard, protect. · To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe. · To pay attention, care.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryCareful attention.
From Middle English heden, from Old English hēdan (“to heed, take care, observe, attend, guard, take charge, take possession, receive”), from Proto-West Germanic *hōdijan (“to heed, guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to heed, protect”). Cognate with West Frisian hoedje (“to heed”), Dutch hoeden (“to heed”), German hüten (“to heed”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhedenenm
- Inherited-form mentionhēdanang · to heed, take care, observe, attend, guard, take charge, take possession, receive
- Inherited-form mention*hōdijangmw-pro · to heed, guard
- Derivation mention*kadʰ-ine-pro · to heed, protect
- Cognate mentionhoedjefy · to heed
- Cognate mentionhoedennl · to heed
- Cognate mentionhütende · to heed
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "heden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English heden"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēdan",
"t": "to heed, take care, observe, attend, guard, take charge, take possession, receive"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēdan (“to heed, take care, observe, attend, guard, take charge, take possession, receive”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hōdijan",
"t": "to heed, guard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hōdijan (“to heed, guard”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kadʰ-",
"t": "to heed, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to heed, protect”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoedje",
"t": "to heed"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian hoedje (“to heed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hoeden",
"t": "to heed"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hoeden (“to heed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hüten",
"t": "to heed"
},
"expansion": "German hüten (“to heed”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"heden",
"heden#Middle_English"
],
[
"hēdan",
"hedan#Old_English"
],
[
"*hōdijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hōdijan"
],
[
"*kadʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kadʰ-"
],
[
"hoedje",
"hoedje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"hoeden",
"hoeden#Dutch"
],
[
"hüten",
"hüten#German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To guard, protect.",
"To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.",
"To pay attention, care."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive",
"archaic",
"intransitive"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 237229
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Careful attention."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "f84f164be2d6e542189685114c2e94408ede561be854e8240f270685648db2b0",
"rawRecordSha256": "22409d8e96448f72996a23ec6f594679b05b10fe61e01db7551bd532c709da70",
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}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}