Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryMean; abject; poor; humble; lowly.
From Middle English hene, from Old English hēan (“lowly, despised, poor, mean, bare, abject”), from Proto-Germanic *hauniz (“low, lowly”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to degrade, humiliate”). Cognate with German höhn (“jeering, demeaning, bad”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns, “contemptible, base, humble”), Dutch hoon (“scorn, insult”), Latvian kauns (“shame, disgrace, dishonour”), Ancient Greek καυνός (kaunós, “bad”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionheneenm
- Inherited-form mentionhēanang · lowly, despised, poor, mean, bare, abject
- Inherited-form mention*haunizgem-pro · low, lowly
- Derivation mention*kaw-ine-pro · to degrade, humiliate
- Cognate mentionhöhnde · jeering, demeaning, bad
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃got · contemptible, base, humble
- Cognate mentionhoonnl · scorn, insult
- Cognate mentionkaunslv · shame, disgrace, dishonour
- Cognate mentionκαυνόςgrc · bad
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hene"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hene"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēan",
"t": "lowly, despised, poor, mean, bare, abject"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēan (“lowly, despised, poor, mean, bare, abject”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hauniz",
"t": "low, lowly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauniz (“low, lowly”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kaw-",
"t": "to degrade, humiliate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to degrade, humiliate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "höhn",
"t": "jeering, demeaning, bad"
},
"expansion": "German höhn (“jeering, demeaning, bad”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃",
"t": "contemptible, base, humble"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns, “contemptible, base, humble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hoon",
"t": "scorn, insult"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hoon (“scorn, insult”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauns",
"t": "shame, disgrace, dishonour"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauns (“shame, disgrace, dishonour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυνός",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καυνός (kaunós, “bad”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hene",
"hene#Middle_English"
],
[
"hēan",
"hean#Old_English"
],
[
"*hauniz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hauniz"
],
[
"*kaw-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kaw-"
],
[
"höhn",
"höhn#German"
],
[
"𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃",
"𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"hoon",
"hoon#Dutch"
],
[
"kauns",
"kauns#Latvian"
],
[
"καυνός",
"καυνός#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Mean; abject; poor; humble; lowly."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "32eb1b3bbd5c02f5c6605dae4b3f14ce48c2cb84c8c8f169e2c7a2726174b9c6",
"rawRecordSha256": "68822c2a7542bf46d1adc6b56b0e55c547e0a66ce50ea683af9f12811f48711b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 530850
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}