Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down. · To shape; to form. · To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryDestruction by cutting down or hewing.
From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”). Cognate to West Frisian houwe (“to hew”), Cimbrian hauan (“to dig”), Dutch houwen (“to hew”), German hauen (“to hew”), Luxembourgish haen (“to chop”), Danish hugge (“to hew”), Faroese høgga (“to hew”), Icelandic höggva (“to hew”), Norwegian Bokmål hogge, hugge (“to hew”), Norwegian Nynorsk hogga (“to hew”), Swedish hugga (“to hew”). Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhewenenm
- Inherited-form mentionhēawanang
- Inherited-form mention*hauwangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hawwanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*kewh₂-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionhouwefy
- Cognate mentionhauancim
- Cognate mentionhouwennl
- Cognate mentionhauende
- Cognate mentionhaenlb
- Cognate mentionhuggeda
- Cognate mentionhøggafo
- Cognate mentionhöggvais
- Cognate mentionhoggenb
- Cognate mentionhoggann
- Cognate mentionhuggasv
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "houwe",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian houwe (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hauan",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian hauan (“to dig”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houwen (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hauen",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "German hauen (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "haen",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish haen (“to chop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hugge",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Danish hugge (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "høgga",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Faroese høgga (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "höggva",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic höggva (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "hogge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål hogge"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hogga",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk hogga (“to hew”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hugga",
"3": "",
"4": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hugga (“to hew”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hewen",
"hewen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hēawan",
"heawan#Old_English"
],
[
"*hauwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauwan"
],
[
"*hawwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawwaną"
],
[
"*kewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"houwe",
"houwe#West_Frisian"
],
[
"hauan",
"hauan#Cimbrian"
],
[
"houwen",
"houwen#Dutch"
],
[
"hauen",
"hauen#German"
],
[
"haen",
"haen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"hugge",
"hugge#Danish"
],
[
"høgga",
"høgga#Faroese"
],
[
"höggva",
"höggva#Icelandic"
],
[
"hogge",
"hogge#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"hugge",
"hugge#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"hogga",
"hogga#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"hugga",
"hugga#Swedish"
],
[
"hew to the line",
"hew to the line#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down.",
"To shape; to form.",
"To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"transitive",
"US"
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},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}