Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To damage, hurt, or injure something, usually an inanimate object.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryPhysical injury; hurt; damage. · Emotional or figurative hurt. · Detriment; misfortune. · That which causes injury, damage, or loss.
From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Danish harme (“indignation, resentment”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionharmenm
- Inherited-form mentionhearmang
- Inherited-form mention*harmgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*harmazgem-pro · harm; shame; pain
- Cognate mentionharmnl · harm
- Cognate mentionHarmde · harm
- Cognate mentionharmeda · indignation, resentment
- Cognate mentionharmuris · sorrow, grief
- Cognate mentionharmsv · anger, indignation, harm
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "harm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English harm"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hearm"
},
"expansion": "Old English hearm"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*harm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *harm"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harmaz",
"t": "harm; shame; pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "harm",
"t": "harm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch harm (“harm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Harm",
"t": "harm"
},
"expansion": "German Harm (“harm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "harme",
"t": "indignation, resentment"
},
"expansion": "Danish harme (“indignation, resentment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "harmur",
"t": "sorrow, grief"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "harm",
"t": "anger, indignation, harm"
},
"expansion": "Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm#Middle_English"
],
[
"herm",
"herm#Middle_English"
],
[
"hearm",
"hearm#Old_English"
],
[
"*harm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harm"
],
[
"*harmaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz"
],
[
"harm",
"harm#Dutch"
],
[
"Harm",
"Harm#German"
],
[
"harme",
"harme#Danish"
],
[
"harmur",
"harmur#Icelandic"
],
[
"harm",
"harm#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To damage, hurt, or injure something, usually an inanimate object."
],
"tags": [],
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},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Physical injury; hurt; damage.",
"Emotional or figurative hurt.",
"Detriment; misfortune.",
"That which causes injury, damage, or loss."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}