Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy. · A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil. · A hardy hole.
Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships. · Able to survive adverse growing conditions, especially frost. · Brave and resolute. · Impudent.
From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”). Old French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir ("to harden, be bold, make bold"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)). Cognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "inh",
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardy"
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"expansion": "Middle English hardy"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, daring, stout, bold"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”)"
},
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"2": "ardire"
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"expansion": "Italian ardire"
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{
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},
"expansion": "(\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire)"
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"expansion": "Frankish *hardijan"
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"expansion": "Old High German harti"
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{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "gml",
"2": "herdich",
"3": "",
"4": "persevering"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hærdig"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hærdig"
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{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "herdig"
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"expansion": "Norwegian herdig"
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{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "härdig",
"3": "",
"4": "vigorous, courageous"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)"
}
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{
"pos": "noun",
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"Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy.",
"A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil.",
"A hardy hole."
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"pos": "adj",
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"Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships.",
"Able to survive adverse growing conditions, especially frost.",
"Brave and resolute.",
"Impudent."
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