Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
A person's lot (good or bad), luck, fortune, fate. · A stroke of good or bad luck, an occurrence or happening, especially an unexpected, random, chance, or fortuitous event.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo happen; to befall; to chance. · To happen to.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kob-der. Proto-Germanic *hampą Old Norse happbor. Middle English hap English hap From Middle English hap, happe (“chance, hap, luck, fortune”), potentially cognate with or from Old English ġehæp (“fit, convenient”) and/or Old Norse happ (“hap, chance, good luck”), from Proto-Germanic *hampą (“convenience, happiness”), from Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed”). Cognate with Icelandic happ (“hap, chance, good luck”). Related also to Icelandic heppinn (“lucky, fortunate, happy”), Old Danish hap (“fortunate”), Swedish hampa (“to turn out”), Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”), Old Irish cob (“victory”). The verb is from Middle English happen, perhaps from Old English hæppan (“to move accidentally, slip”) and/or from Old Norse *happa, *heppa, from Proto-Germanic *hampijaną (“to fit in, be fitting”), from the noun. Cognate with Old Danish happe (“to chance, happen”), Norwegian heppa (“to occur, happen”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhapenm
- Cognate mentionġehæpang · fit, convenient
- Derivation mentionhappnon · hap, chance, good luck
- Derivation mention*hampągem-pro · convenience, happiness
- Derivation mention*kob-ine-pro · good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed
- Cognate mentionhappis · hap, chance, good luck
- Cognate mentionheppinnis · lucky, fortunate, happy
- Cognate mentionhapgmq-oda · fortunate
- Cognate mentionhampasv · to turn out
- Cognate mentionкобьcu · fate
- Cognate mentioncobsga · victory
- Inherited-form mentionhappenenm
- Inherited-form mentionhæppanang · to move accidentally, slip
- Derivation mention*happanon
- Derivation mention*hampijanągem-pro
- Cognate mentionhappeda
- Cognate mentionheppano
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:hap",
"tree": "1",
"id": "luck"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kob-der.\nProto-Germanic *hampą\nOld Norse happbor.\nMiddle English hap\nEnglish hap\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kob-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hampą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"happ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hap\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hap\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"luck\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hap\" id=\"English:_luck\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hap"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġehæp",
"t": "fit, convenient"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġehæp (“fit, convenient”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "happ",
"t": "hap, chance, good luck"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse happ (“hap, chance, good luck”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hampą",
"t": "convenience, happiness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hampą (“convenience, happiness”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kob-",
"t": "good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "happ",
"t": "hap, chance, good luck"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic happ (“hap, chance, good luck”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heppinn",
"t": "lucky, fortunate, happy"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heppinn (“lucky, fortunate, happy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hap",
"t": "fortunate"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hap (“fortunate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hampa",
"t": "to turn out"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hampa (“to turn out”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "кобь",
"t": "fate"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cob",
"t": "victory"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cob (“victory”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "happen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English happen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hæppan",
"t": "to move accidentally, slip"
},
"expansion": "Old English hæppan (“to move accidentally, slip”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "*happa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *happa"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hampijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to fit in, be fitting"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hampijaną (“to fit in, be fitting”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "happe",
"3": "",
"4": "to chance, happen"
},
"expansion": "Danish happe (“to chance, happen”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "heppa",
"3": "",
"4": "to occur, happen"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian heppa (“to occur, happen”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:hap",
"tree": "1",
"id": "luck"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kob-der.\nProto-Germanic *hampą\nOld Norse happbor.\nMiddle English hap\nEnglish hap"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kob-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kob-"
],
[
"*hampą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hampą"
],
[
"happ",
"happ#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hap",
"hap#Middle_English"
],
[
"hap",
"hap#Middle_English"
],
[
"happe",
"happe#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġehæp",
"gehæp#Old_English"
],
[
"happ",
"happ#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*hampą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hampą"
],
[
"*kob-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kob-"
],
[
"happ",
"happ#Icelandic"
],
[
"heppinn",
"heppinn#Icelandic"
],
[
"hap",
"hap#Old_Danish"
],
[
"hampa",
"hampa#Swedish"
],
[
"кобь",
"кобь#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"cob",
"cob#Old_Irish"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hæppan",
"hæppan#Old_English"
],
[
"*happa",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/happa"
],
[
"*heppa",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/heppa"
],
[
"*hampijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hampijaną"
],
[
"happe",
"happe#Danish"
],
[
"heppa",
"heppa#Norwegian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A person's lot (good or bad), luck, fortune, fate.",
"A stroke of good or bad luck, an occurrence or happening, especially an unexpected, random, chance, or fortuitous event."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"countable"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 230271
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To happen; to befall; to chance.",
"To happen to."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive",
"literary",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "cdba7ce82491b556156cb1870d7bcb3dff303f07e47f27f00378111af7758ec2",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 230272
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}