Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAn object of hatred. · Hatred. · Negative feedback, abusive behaviour. · Bigotry.
From Middle English haate, hat, hate (noun), probably from Old English hatian (“to hate”, verb) and/or Old Norse hatr (“hate”, noun). Merged with Middle English het, hete (“hate”), from Old English hete, from Proto-West Germanic *hati, from Proto-Germanic *hataz (“hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“angriness, hatred”). Cognates Cognate with Dutch haat (“hatred”), German Hass, Haß (“hate, hatred”), Luxembourgish Haass (“hate, hatred”), Vilamovian hās (“hate, hatred”), Yiddish האַס (has, “hatred”), Danish had (“hate, hatred”), Faroese and Icelandic hatur (“hatred, spite, aversion”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish hat (“hate, hatred”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis, “hate, wrath”); also Breton and Cornish kas (“hatred”), Old Irish miscuis (“hatred”), Welsh cas (“hatred”), Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔 (kadeís, “enmity”), Ancient Greek κῆδος (kêdos, “care for others; troubles; mourning”), Sanskrit रि॒शाद॑स् (riśā́das, “benign or devouring or destroying enemies”). The verb is from Middle English haate, hate, haten, hatenn, hatien, hatiȝen, hatye, hatyn, heatien, from Old English hatian (“to hate, treat as an enemy”), from Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną (“to hate”), from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from the same root as above. Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian hoatje (“to hate”), West Frisian haatsje (“to hate”), Cimbrian haazan (“to hate”), Dutch haten (“to hate”), German hassen (“to hate”), Luxembourgish haassen (“to hate”), Yiddish האַסן (hasn, “to hate”), Danish hade (“to hate”), Icelandic, Faroese, and Swedish hata (“to hate”), Norwegian Bokmål hate (“to hate”), Norwegian Nynorsk hata, hate (“to hate”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatan, “to hate”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*keh₂d-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionhaateenm
- Derivation mentionhatianang · to hate
- Derivation mentionhatrnon · hate
- Cognate mentionhetenm
- Derivation mentionheteang
- Derivation mention*hatigmw-pro
- Derivation mention*hatazgem-pro · hate
- Derivation mention*ḱeh₂d-ine-pro · angriness, hatred
- Cognate mentionhaatnl · hatred
- Cognate mentionHassde
- Cognate mentionHaasslb · hate, hatred
- Cognate mentionhāswym · hate, hatred
- Cognate mentionהאַסyi · hatred
- Cognate mentionhadda · hate, hatred
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃got · hate, wrath
- Cognate mentionmiscuissga · hatred
- Cognate mentioncascy · hatred
- Cognate mention𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔osc · enmity
- Cognate mentionκῆδοςgrc · care for others; troubles; mourning
- Cognate mentionरि॒शाद॑स्sa · benign or devouring or destroying enemies
- Inherited-form mentionhatianang · to hate, treat as an enemy
- Inherited-form mention*hatēngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hatānągem-pro · to hate
- Derivation mention*hatazgem-pro
- Cognate mentionhoatjestq · to hate
- Cognate mentionhaatsjefy · to hate
- Cognate mentionhaazancim · to hate
- Cognate mentionhatennl · to hate
- Cognate mentionhassende · to hate
- Cognate mentionhaassenlb · to hate
- Cognate mentionהאַסןyi · to hate
- Cognate mentionhadeda · to hate
- Cognate mentionhatenb · to hate
- Cognate mentionhatann
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽got · to hate
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂d-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "haate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English haate"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hatian",
"t": "to hate",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Old English hatian (“to hate”, verb)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hatr",
"t": "hate",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hatr (“hate”, noun)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "het"
},
"expansion": "Middle English het"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hete"
},
"expansion": "Old English hete"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hati"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hataz",
"t": "hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hataz (“hate”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₂d-",
"t": "angriness, hatred"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“angriness, hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "haat",
"t": "hatred"
},
"expansion": "Dutch haat (“hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hass"
},
"expansion": "German Hass"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Haass",
"t": "hate, hatred"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Haass (“hate, hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "hās",
"t": "hate, hatred"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian hās (“hate, hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "האַס",
"t": "hatred"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish האַס (has, “hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "had",
"t": "hate, hatred"
},
"expansion": "Danish had (“hate, hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "hatur",
"t": "hatred, spite, aversion"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic hatur (“hatred, spite, aversion”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn,sv",
"2": "hat",
"t": "hate, hatred"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish hat (“hate, hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃",
"t": "hate, wrath"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis, “hate, wrath”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br,kw",
"2": "kas",
"t": "hatred"
},
"expansion": "Breton and Cornish kas (“hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "miscuis",
"t": "hatred"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish miscuis (“hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cas",
"t": "hatred"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cas (“hatred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔",
"t": "enmity"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔 (kadeís, “enmity”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῆδος",
"t": "care for others; troubles; mourning"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῆδος (kêdos, “care for others; troubles; mourning”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रि॒शाद॑स्",
"t": "benign or devouring or destroying enemies"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रि॒शाद॑स् (riśā́das, “benign or devouring or destroying enemies”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "haate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English haate"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hatian",
"t": "to hate, treat as an enemy"
},
"expansion": "Old English hatian (“to hate, treat as an enemy”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hatēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hatēn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hatāną",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hatāną (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hataz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hataz"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "hoatje",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian hoatje (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "haatsje",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian haatsje (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "haazan",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian haazan (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "haten",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Dutch haten (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hassen",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "German hassen (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "haassen",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish haassen (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "האַסן",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish האַסן (hasn, “to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hade",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Danish hade (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is,fo,sv",
"2": "hata",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic, Faroese, and Swedish hata (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "hate",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål hate (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hata"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk hata"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatan, “to hate”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"haate",
"haate#Middle_English"
],
[
"hat",
"hat#Middle_English"
],
[
"hate",
"hate#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatian",
"hatian#Old_English"
],
[
"hatr",
"hatr#Old_Norse"
],
[
"het",
"het#Middle_English"
],
[
"hete",
"hete#Middle_English"
],
[
"hete",
"hete#Old_English"
],
[
"*hati",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hati"
],
[
"*hataz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hataz"
],
[
"*ḱeh₂d-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱeh₂d-"
],
[
"haat",
"haat#Dutch"
],
[
"Hass",
"Hass#German"
],
[
"Haß",
"Haß#German"
],
[
"Haass",
"Haass#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"hās",
"hās#Vilamovian"
],
[
"האַס",
"האַס#Yiddish"
],
[
"had",
"had#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"hatur#Faroese"
],
[
"hatur",
"hatur#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"hat#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"hat#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"hat",
"hat#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃",
"𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"Breton",
"kas#Breton"
],
[
"kas",
"kas#Cornish"
],
[
"miscuis",
"miscuis#Old_Irish"
],
[
"cas",
"cas#Welsh"
],
[
"𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔",
"𐌊𐌀𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌔#Oscan"
],
[
"κῆδος",
"κῆδος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"रि॒शाद॑स्",
"रिशादस्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"haate",
"haate#Middle_English"
],
[
"hate",
"hate#Middle_English"
],
[
"haten",
"haten#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatenn",
"hatenn#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatien",
"hatien#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatiȝen",
"hatiȝen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatye",
"hatye#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatyn",
"hatyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"heatien",
"heatien#Middle_English"
],
[
"hatian",
"hatian#Old_English"
],
[
"*hatēn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hatēn"
],
[
"*hatāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hatāną"
],
[
"*hataz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hataz"
],
[
"hoatje",
"hoatje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"haatsje",
"haatsje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"haazan",
"haazan#Cimbrian"
],
[
"haten",
"haten#Dutch"
],
[
"hassen",
"hassen#German"
],
[
"haassen",
"haassen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"האַסן",
"האַסן#Yiddish"
],
[
"hade",
"hade#Danish"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"hata#Icelandic"
],
[
"Faroese",
"hata#Faroese"
],
[
"hata",
"hata#Swedish"
],
[
"hate",
"hate#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"hata",
"hata#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"hate",
"hate#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽",
"𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "hejt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "хейт",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "xejt"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hejt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An object of hatred.",
"Hatred.",
"Negative feedback, abusive behaviour.",
"Bigotry."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"Internet",
"metonymically"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 198356
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}