Etymology of hoof

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering. · The human foot. · An ungula. · The heel of a loaf of bread.

verb

To trample with hooves. · To walk. · To dance, especially as a professional. · To kick, especially to kick a football a long way downfield with little accuracy.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós Proto-Germanic *hōfaz Proto-West Germanic *hōf Old English hōf Middle English hof English hoof Inherited from Middle English hof, houf, houve, hove, from Old English hōf, from Proto-Germanic *hōfaz (compare West Frisian hoef, Dutch hoef, German Huf, Danish hov, Norwegian hov, Swedish hov), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós (compare Sanskrit शफ (śaphá, “hoof, claw”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”), possibly Czech, Polish kopyto).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionhof,houf,houve,hoveenm
Inherited-form mentionhōfang
Cognate mentionhoeffy
Cognate mentionhoefnl
Cognate mentionHufde
Cognate mentionhovda
Cognate mentionhovno
Cognate mentionhovsv
Inherited-form mention*hōfazgem-pro
Inherited-form mention*ḱoph₂ósine-pro
Cognate mentionशफsa · hoof, claw
Cognate mention𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀ae · hoof
Cognate mentionkopytopl

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:hof<ety:inh<ang:hōf>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós\nProto-Germanic *hōfaz\nProto-West Germanic *hōf\nOld English hōf\nMiddle English hof\nEnglish hoof\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hōfaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hōf\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hōf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"hof\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hoof\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hoof\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "yesno",
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hof,houf,houve,hove",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": "",
        "id": "",
        "sc": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hof, houf, houve, hove"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh+",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hof,houf,houve,hove"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English hof, houf, houve, hove"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hōf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hōf"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "hoef"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian hoef"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "hoef"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch hoef"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Huf"
      },
      "expansion": "German Huf"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "hov"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish hov"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "hov"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian hov"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "hov"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish hov"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hōfaz",
        "ng": "compare West Frisian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fy\">hoef</i>, Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">hoef</i>, German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">Huf</i>, Danish <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"da\">hov</i>, Norwegian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"no\">hov</i>, Swedish <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sv\">hov</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hōfaz (compare West Frisian hoef, Dutch hoef, German Huf, Danish hov, Norwegian hov, Swedish hov)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱoph₂ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शफ",
        "tr": "śaphá",
        "t": "hoof, claw"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शफ (śaphá, “hoof, claw”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀",
        "t": "hoof"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kopyto"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kopyto"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:hof<ety:inh<ang:hōf>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós\nProto-Germanic *hōfaz\nProto-West Germanic *hōf\nOld English hōf\nMiddle English hof\nEnglish hoof"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*ḱoph₂ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱoph₂ós"
    ],
    [
      "*hōfaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōfaz"
    ],
    [
      "*hōf",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hōf"
    ],
    [
      "hōf",
      "hof#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "hof",
      "hof#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hof",
      "hof#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "houf",
      "houf#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "houve",
      "houve#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hove",
      "hove#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hōf",
      "hof#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hōfaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōfaz"
    ],
    [
      "hoef",
      "hoef#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "hoef",
      "hoef#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Huf",
      "Huf#German"
    ],
    [
      "hov",
      "hov#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "hov",
      "hov#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "hov",
      "hov#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱoph₂ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱoph₂ós"
    ],
    [
      "शफ",
      "शफ#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀",
      "𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀#Avestan"
    ],
    [
      "kopyto",
      "kopyto#Polish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.",
        "The human foot.",
        "An ungula.",
        "The heel of a loaf of bread."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "slang",
        "dated"
      ],
      "recordId": "c014e0d015668ef0c9d72498fdb415e5b1139343bdcefb8ebe0c1dcb7ae15abc",
      "rawRecordSha256": "2c4a91d3a74c8c99395d0bff95df5150072e012a736676f1e29c08ad59c81c7c",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 206204
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To trample with hooves.",
        "To walk.",
        "To dance, especially as a professional.",
        "To kick, especially to kick a football a long way downfield with little accuracy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "informal",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "f583640d5be82ee90e9ee46825ae217f91be077c557cfdeca99c83662284394f",
      "rawRecordSha256": "da94b16a62cb9cea06bbd3201ac341840a4307aa0735a1c220b03abecabee278",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 206205
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot