Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryDedicated to a religious purpose or a god. · Revered in a religion. · Morally perfect or flawless, or nearly so. · Separated or set apart from (something unto something or someone else).
From Middle English ali, aly, hale, halege, hali, halȝe, hayly, holi, holia, holie, holiȝ, holy, hooly, oli, oly, wholy, woly, from Old English hāleġ, hāliġ (“holy, sacred; healthy, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *hailag, from Proto-Germanic *hailagaz (“holy, sacred”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“healthy; whole”), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“intact, whole; complete; hale, healthy, sound”), equivalent to whole + -y and a doublet of later wholly. Cognates Cognate with Scots halie, haly (“holy”), Yola holly, holy (“holy”), Saterland Frisian helig (“holy”), Alemannic German, Dutch, and German heilig (“holy, sacred”), Cimbrian hòolig (“holy”), Luxembourgish helleg (“holy”), Vilamovian haeliḱ, haliky, hȧlikjy, hǡliḱ (“holy”), Yiddish הייליק (heylik, “holy”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hellig (“holy”), Faroese heilagur (“holy”), Icelandic heilagur, helgur (“holy”), Norwegian Nynorsk heilag, heilag’u (“holy”), Swedish helig (“holy”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags, “holy”); also Latin cael, caelus, caelum, coelus, coelum (“heaven; sky; climate, weather”), Belarusian цэ́лы (cély, “entire, whole”), Bulgarian цял (cjal, “entire, full, intact, whole; real, regular, veritable”), Czech and Slovak celý (“whole”), Macedonian цел (cel, “entire, whole”), Polish cały (“entire, whole”), Russian це́лый (célyj, “entire, whole”), Serbo-Croatian це̏о, ци̏јел, ци̏о, cȅo, cȉjel, cȉo (“entire, whole”), Slovene cel (“whole”), Ukrainian ці́лий (cílyj, “entire, whole”). More at whole.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionalienm
- Inherited-form mentionhāleġang
- Inherited-form mention*hailaggmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hailagazgem-pro · holy, sacred
- Derivation mention*hailazgem-pro · healthy; whole
- Derivation mention*kéh₂ilosine-pro · intact, whole; complete; hale, healthy, sound
- Cognate mentionhaliesco
- Cognate mentionhollyyol
- Cognate mentionheligstq · holy
- Cognate mentionhòoligcim · holy
- Cognate mentionhelleglb · holy
- Cognate mentionhaeliḱwym
- Cognate mentionהייליקyi · holy
- Cognate mentionheilagurfo · holy
- Cognate mentionheilaguris
- Cognate mentionheilagnn
- Cognate mentionheligsv · holy
- Cognate mention𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃got · holy
- Cognate mentioncaella
- Cognate mentionцэ́лыbe · entire, whole
- Cognate mentionцялbg · entire, full, intact, whole; real, regular, veritable
- Cognate mentionцелmk · entire, whole
- Cognate mentioncałypl · entire, whole
- Cognate mentionце́лыйru · entire, whole
- Cognate mentionце̏оsh
- Cognate mentioncelsl · whole
- Cognate mentionці́лийuk · entire, whole
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ali"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ali"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hāleġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English hāleġ"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hailag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hailag"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hailagaz",
"t": "holy, sacred"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hailagaz (“holy, sacred”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hailaz",
"t": "healthy; whole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“healthy; whole”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kéh₂ilos",
"t": "intact, whole; complete; hale, healthy, sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“intact, whole; complete; hale, healthy, sound”)"
},
{
"name": "suf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whole",
"3": "-y",
"id2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "whole + -y"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wholly",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "wholly"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "halie"
},
"expansion": "Scots halie"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Yola holly"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "helig",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian helig (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw,nl,de",
"2": "heilig",
"t": "holy, sacred"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German, Dutch, and German heilig (“holy, sacred”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "hòolig",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian hòolig (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "helleg",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish helleg (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "haeliḱ"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian haeliḱ"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "הייליק",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish הייליק (heylik, “holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "hellig",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hellig (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "heilagur",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Faroese heilagur (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heilagur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heilagur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "heilag"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk heilag"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "helig",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish helig (“holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃",
"t": "holy"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags, “holy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cael"
},
"expansion": "Latin cael"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цэ́лы",
"t": "entire, whole"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian цэ́лы (cély, “entire, whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "цял",
"t": "entire, full, intact, whole; real, regular, veritable"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian цял (cjal, “entire, full, intact, whole; real, regular, veritable”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs,sk",
"2": "celý",
"t": "whole"
},
"expansion": "Czech and Slovak celý (“whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "цел",
"t": "entire, whole"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian цел (cel, “entire, whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cały",
"t": "entire, whole"
},
"expansion": "Polish cały (“entire, whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "це́лый",
"t": "entire, whole"
},
"expansion": "Russian це́лый (célyj, “entire, whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "це̏о"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian це̏о"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "cel",
"t": "whole"
},
"expansion": "Slovene cel (“whole”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ці́лий",
"t": "entire, whole"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian ці́лий (cílyj, “entire, whole”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ali",
"ali#Middle_English"
],
[
"aly",
"aly#Middle_English"
],
[
"hale",
"hale#Middle_English"
],
[
"halege",
"halege#Middle_English"
],
[
"hali",
"hali#Middle_English"
],
[
"halȝe",
"halȝe#Middle_English"
],
[
"hayly",
"hayly#Middle_English"
],
[
"holi",
"holi#Middle_English"
],
[
"holia",
"holia#Middle_English"
],
[
"holie",
"holie#Middle_English"
],
[
"holiȝ",
"holiȝ#Middle_English"
],
[
"holy",
"holy#Middle_English"
],
[
"hooly",
"hooly#Middle_English"
],
[
"oli",
"oli#Middle_English"
],
[
"oly",
"oly#Middle_English"
],
[
"wholy",
"wholy#Middle_English"
],
[
"woly",
"woly#Middle_English"
],
[
"hāleġ",
"haleg#Old_English"
],
[
"hāliġ",
"halig#Old_English"
],
[
"*hailag",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hailag"
],
[
"*hailagaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hailagaz"
],
[
"*hailaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hailaz"
],
[
"*kéh₂ilos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kéh₂ilos"
],
[
"whole",
"whole#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English:_adjectival"
],
[
"wholly",
"wholly#English"
],
[
"halie",
"halie#Scots"
],
[
"haly",
"haly#Scots"
],
[
"holly",
"holly#Yola"
],
[
"holy",
"holy#Yola"
],
[
"helig",
"helig#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Alemannic German",
"heilig#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Dutch",
"heilig#Dutch"
],
[
"heilig",
"heilig#German"
],
[
"hòolig",
"hòolig#Cimbrian"
],
[
"helleg",
"helleg#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"haeliḱ",
"haeliḱ#Vilamovian"
],
[
"haliky",
"haliky#Vilamovian"
],
[
"hȧlikjy",
"halikjy#Vilamovian"
],
[
"hǡliḱ",
"hāliḱ#Vilamovian"
],
[
"הייליק",
"הייליק#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"hellig#Danish"
],
[
"hellig",
"hellig#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"heilagur",
"heilagur#Faroese"
],
[
"heilagur",
"heilagur#Icelandic"
],
[
"helgur",
"helgur#Icelandic"
],
[
"heilag",
"heilag#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"heilag’u",
"heilag’u#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"helig",
"helig#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃",
"𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"cael",
"cael#Latin"
],
[
"caelus",
"caelus#Latin"
],
[
"caelum",
"caelum#Latin"
],
[
"coelus",
"coelus#Latin"
],
[
"coelum",
"coelum#Latin"
],
[
"цэ́лы",
"цэлы#Belarusian"
],
[
"цял",
"цял#Bulgarian"
],
[
"Czech",
"celý#Czech"
],
[
"celý",
"celý#Slovak"
],
[
"цел",
"цел#Macedonian"
],
[
"cały",
"cały#Polish"
],
[
"це́лый",
"целый#Russian"
],
[
"це̏о",
"цео#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"ци̏јел",
"цијел#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"ци̏о",
"цио#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"cȅo",
"ceo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"cȉjel",
"cijel#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"cȉo",
"cio#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"cel",
"cel#Slovene"
],
[
"ці́лий",
"цілий#Ukrainian"
],
[
"whole",
"whole#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "holi"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Dedicated to a religious purpose or a god.",
"Revered in a religion.",
"Morally perfect or flawless, or nearly so.",
"Separated or set apart from (something unto something or someone else)."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "1d6bbce12610a6f171fbb766662515629e1bc9165842005048200007562001fb",
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
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}
}