Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas. · The wood from this tree. · Any of several not closely related plant species likened to Ilex because of their prickly, evergreen foliage and/or round, bright-red berries
From Middle English holly, holi, holie, a shortened variation of holin, holyn (> English dialectal hollen, holm), from Old English holeġn, holen (“holly; prince, protector”), from Proto-West Germanic *hulis (“holly”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”). Cognates Cognate with Scots holin, hollin, holyn (“holly”), Dutch hulst (“holly”), German Hulst (“holly”), French houx ("holly" < Germanic), Danish hylver (“holly”), Welsh celyn (“holly”), Russian ко́лос (kólos, “ear of wheat”), Albanian kalli (“straw, chaff”), Latin culmus (“stalk, stem”), Sanskrit कटम्ब (kaṭamba, “arrow”), Old Church Slavonic класъ (klasŭ, “ear of grain”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionhollyenm
- Inherited-form mentionholeġnang
- Inherited-form mention*hulisgmw-pro · holly
- Derivation mention*kelh₂-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionholinsco
- Cognate mentionhulstnl
- Cognate mentionHulstde
- Cognate mentionhouxfr
- Cognate mentionhylverda
- Cognate mentioncelyncy
- Cognate mentionко́лосru
- Cognate mentionkallisq
- Cognate mentionculmusla
- Cognate mentionकटम्बsa
- Cognate mentionкласъcu
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holly"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "holeġn"
},
"expansion": "Old English holeġn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hulis",
"t": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hulis (“holly”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to beat, break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "holin"
},
"expansion": "Scots holin"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hulst",
"3": "",
"4": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hulst (“holly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hulst",
"3": "",
"4": "holly"
},
"expansion": "German Hulst (“holly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "houx"
},
"expansion": "French houx"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"holly\" < Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(\"holly\" < Germanic)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hylver",
"3": "",
"4": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Danish hylver (“holly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "celyn",
"3": "",
"4": "holly"
},
"expansion": "Welsh celyn (“holly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ко́лос",
"3": "",
"4": "ear of wheat"
},
"expansion": "Russian ко́лос (kólos, “ear of wheat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "kalli",
"3": "",
"4": "straw, chaff"
},
"expansion": "Albanian kalli (“straw, chaff”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus",
"3": "",
"4": "stalk, stem"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus (“stalk, stem”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कटम्ब",
"3": "",
"4": "arrow"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कटम्ब (kaṭamba, “arrow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "класъ",
"3": "",
"4": "ear of grain"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic класъ (klasŭ, “ear of grain”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"holly",
"holly#Middle_English"
],
[
"holi",
"holi#Middle_English"
],
[
"holie",
"holie#Middle_English"
],
[
"holin",
"holin#Middle_English"
],
[
"holyn",
"holyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"hollen",
"hollen#English"
],
[
"holm",
"holm#English"
],
[
"holeġn",
"holegn#Old_English"
],
[
"holen",
"holen#Old_English"
],
[
"*hulis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hulis"
],
[
"*kelh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₂-"
],
[
"holin",
"holin#Scots"
],
[
"hollin",
"hollin#Scots"
],
[
"holyn",
"holyn#Scots"
],
[
"hulst",
"hulst#Dutch"
],
[
"Hulst",
"Hulst#German"
],
[
"houx",
"houx#French"
],
[
"hylver",
"hylver#Danish"
],
[
"celyn",
"celyn#Welsh"
],
[
"ко́лос",
"колос#Russian"
],
[
"kalli",
"kalli#Albanian"
],
[
"culmus",
"culmus#Latin"
],
[
"कटम्ब",
"कटम्ब#Sanskrit"
],
[
"класъ",
"класъ#Old_Church_Slavonic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.",
"The wood from this tree.",
"Any of several not closely related plant species likened to Ilex because of their prickly, evergreen foliage and/or round, bright-red berries"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "20efd8f3076e2ba38044cb01af7f7c0c46e98372bbf35b14ef444b09a163a769",
"rawRecordSha256": "448eb0799768f3b3107b77beb16eb75f6a55d88852b9455bd8594b7121e6475b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 254612
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}