Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
A grasp or grip. · An act or instance of holding. · A place where animals are held for safety · An order that something is to be reserved or delayed, limiting or preventing how it can be dealt with.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo grasp or grip. · To contain or store. · To have and keep possession of something. · To reserve.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *haldaną Proto-West Germanic *haldan Old English healdan Middle English holden English hold Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Doublet of halt. Cognates *West Frisian hâlde *Low German holden, holen *Dutch houden *German halten *Danish holde *Norwegian Bokmål holde *Norwegian Nynorsk halda. Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*kel-ine-pro
- Derivation mentionholdenenm
- Derivation mentionhealdanang
- Derivation mention*haldangmw-pro
- Derivation mention*haldanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*kel-ine-pro
- Doublet mentionhalten
- Cognate mentionhâldefy
- Cognate mentionholdennds
- Cognate mentionhoudennl
- Cognate mentionhaltende
- Cognate mentionholdeda
- Cognate mentionholdenb
- Cognate mentionhaldann
- Cognate mentioncelerla
- Cognate mentionkäl-txb
- Cognate mentionκέλλωgrc
- Cognate mentionकलयतिsa
This page abbreviates 36 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:holden",
"id": "verb",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *haldaną\nProto-West Germanic *haldan\nOld English healdan\nMiddle English holden\nEnglish hold\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*haldan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"healdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"holden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hold\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"verb\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hold\" id=\"English:_verb\">"
},
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},
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{
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"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holden",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
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"nocat": "",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English holden"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holden"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Middle English holden"
},
{
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{
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"2": "ang",
"3": "healdan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old English healdan"
},
{
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"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Old English healdan"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
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{
"name": "der",
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"3": "*haldan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haldan"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haldan",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
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{
"name": "der",
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haldaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to tend, herd",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”)"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haldaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to tend, herd",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”)"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
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},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”)"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to drive",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "halt"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of halt"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hâlde"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian hâlde"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "holden"
},
"expansion": "Low German holden"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houden"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "halten"
},
"expansion": "German halten"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "holde"
},
"expansion": "Danish holde"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "holde"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål holde"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "halda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk halda"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "celer",
"3": "",
"4": "quick"
},
"expansion": "Latin celer (“quick”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "käl-",
"3": "",
"4": "to goad, drive"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέλλω",
"3": "",
"4": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलयति",
"3": "",
"4": "to impel"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:holden",
"id": "verb",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *haldaną\nProto-West Germanic *haldan\nOld English healdan\nMiddle English holden\nEnglish hold"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*haldaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haldaną"
],
[
"*haldan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/haldan"
],
[
"healdan",
"healdan#Old_English"
],
[
"holden",
"holden#Middle_English"
],
[
"holden",
"holden#Middle_English"
],
[
"healdan",
"healdan#Old_English"
],
[
"*haldan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/haldan"
],
[
"*haldaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haldaną"
],
[
"*kel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kel-"
],
[
"halt",
"halt#English"
],
[
"hâlde",
"hâlde#West_Frisian"
],
[
"holden",
"holden#Low_German"
],
[
"holen",
"holen#Low_German"
],
[
"houden",
"houden#Dutch"
],
[
"halten",
"halten#German"
],
[
"holde",
"holde#Danish"
],
[
"holde",
"holde#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"halda",
"halda#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"celer",
"celer#Latin"
],
[
"käl-",
"käl-#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"κέλλω",
"κέλλω#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"कलयति",
"कलयति#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A grasp or grip.",
"An act or instance of holding.",
"A place where animals are held for safety",
"An order that something is to be reserved or delayed, limiting or preventing how it can be dealt with."
],
"tags": [],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To grasp or grip.",
"To contain or store.",
"To have and keep possession of something.",
"To reserve."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
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