*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of hoe

From Middle English howe, from Anglo-Norman houe, from Frankish *hauwā, derivative of Frankish *hauwan (“to hew”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną. More at hew.

4 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 4 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

An agricultural and horticultural hand tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows or removing weeds by hand. · Any of several implements or machines usually called by their more specific names, for example, backhoe.

verb

To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with this tool. · To clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English howe, from Anglo-Norman houe, from Frankish *hauwā, derivative of Frankish *hauwan (“to hew”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną. More at hew.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "from hewing-referent origins"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "howe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English howe"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "hoe",
        "4": "houe"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman houe"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hauwā"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hauwā"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hauwan",
        "t": "to hew"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hauwan (“to hew”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hawwaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "howe",
      "howe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "houe",
      "hoe#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "*hauwā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauwā"
    ],
    [
      "*hauwan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauwan"
    ],
    [
      "*hawwaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawwaną"
    ],
    [
      "hew",
      "hew#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An agricultural and horticultural hand tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows or removing weeds by hand.",
        "Any of several implements or machines usually called by their more specific names, for example, backhoe."
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      "pos": "verb",
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        "To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with this tool.",
        "To clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

Alternative spelling of ho (“to prostitute”).

noun

Alternative spelling of ho (“whore, prostitute”).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From a non-rhotic pronunciation of whore.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "nrhot",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "whore",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "non-rhotic pronunciation of whore"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "non-rhotic",
      "non-rhotic"
    ],
    [
      "whore",
      "whore#English"
    ]
  ],
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  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
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      ],
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A piece of land that juts out towards the sea; a promontory.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English hough, hogh, from Old English hōh.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionhoughenm
  • Inherited-form mentionhōhang
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "from cliff-referent origins"
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      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hough",
        "id": "promontory"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hough"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hōh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hōh"
    }
  ],
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    [
      "hough",
      "hough#Middle_English:_promontory"
    ],
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      "hogh",
      "hogh#Middle_English"
    ],
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Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
noun

The horned or piked dogfish, Squalus acanthias.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Cognate with Dutch haai (“shark”), qv.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Cognate mentionhaainl
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "1": "en",
        "2": "from fish-referent origins"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "haai",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shark"
      },
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    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "haai",
      "haai#Dutch"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      ],
      "tags": [
        "Orkney",
        "Shetland"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for hoe →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aG9l