Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To bob up and down on horseback, as an inexperienced rider may do; to jog.
Borrowed from Scots hod (“to jog along on horseback”), probably related to hotch (“(verb) to move up and down jerkily, bob; to jog along on horseback; to hop like a frog; to fidget; to shrug; to heave with laughter; to cause to move jerkily; to shift in a sitting position to make room for others; to be overrun with; to swarm; (figuratively) to be angry; (noun) a jerk, jolt; a shrug; a fidget, twitch; a swarm of vermin; large, ungainly woman; untidy woman (figuratively) a hostile encounter, clash; state of disorder and filth, mess”) (whence English hotch (“to move irregularly up and down; to swarm”) (chiefly Scotland)), from Late Middle English hotchen (“to move jerkily, jolt; to attack (someone) (?)”), from Anglo-Norman hocher (“to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to attack”) and Middle French hocher, Middle French, Old French hochier (“to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to be unstable or wobbly, shake”) (modern French hocher (“to nod the head”)), from Frankish *hotsōn, *hottisōn, from *hottōn (“to shake; to toss”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- or *kwēt- (“to rock back and forth; to shake”), probably originally onomatopoeic. Compare Scots hotter (“(verb) to move in a jerky, uneven manner; to jolt; to shake; to walk unsteadily, totter; to shiver, shudder; to shake (with laughter); of liquid, etc.: to boil, bubble, seethe, sputter; to crowd, swarm; (noun) jolting or shaking; rattling sound; bubbling of boiling liquid; a shake, shiver; crowd, seething mass; motion or noise of such a crowd; jumbled heap”)). Cognates * Middle Dutch hutsen (modern Dutch hutsen (“to jog, jolt; to shake”)), Middle Dutch hotsen (modern Dutch hotsen, hossen (“to shake or swing to and fro; to run quickly”)) * German hotzen (“to shake or swing to and fro; to run quickly”) (Southern Germany) * Low German hūdern (“to shake; to shudder”) * Middle High German hozzen (“act of swinging someone to and fro to punish them (?)”) * Old English hūdenian (“to rock back and forth, shake, sway”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Borrowed-form mentionhodsco · to jog along on horseback
- Cognate mentionhotchen · to move irregularly up and down; to swarm
- Inherited-form mentionhotchenenm · to move jerkily, jolt; to attack (someone) (?)
- Derivation mentionhocherfrm
- Derivation mentionhochierfro · to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to be unstable or wobbly, shake
- Cognate mentionhocherfr · to nod the head
- Derivation mention*hud-gem-pro · to shake
- Derivation mention*(s)ket-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionhottersco · (verb) to move in a jerky, uneven manner; to jolt; to shake; to walk unsteadily, totter; to shiver, shudder; to shake (with laughter); of liquid, etc.: to boil, bubble, seethe, sputter; to crowd, swarm; (noun) jolting or shaking; rattling sound; bubbling of boiling liquid; a shake, shiver; crowd, seething mass; motion or noise of such a crowd; jumbled heap
- Cognate mentionhutsendum
- Cognate mentionhutsennl · to jog, jolt; to shake
- Cognate mentionhotsendum
- Cognate mentionhotsennl
- Cognate mentionhotzende · to shake or swing to and fro; to run quickly
- Cognate mentionhūdernnds · to shake; to shudder
- Cognate mentionhozzengmh · act of swinging someone to and fro to punish them (?)
- Cognate mentionhūdenianang · to rock back and forth, shake, sway
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sco",
"3": "hod",
"t": "to jog along on horseback"
},
"expansion": "Scots hod (“to jog along on horseback”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hotch",
"t": "to move irregularly up and down; to swarm"
},
"expansion": "English hotch (“to move irregularly up and down; to swarm”)"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "chiefly Scotland"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly Scotland)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hotchen",
"t": "to move jerkily, jolt; to attack (someone) (?)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hotchen (“to move jerkily, jolt; to attack (someone) (?)”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "hocher",
"t": "to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to attack"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman hocher (“to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to attack”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "hocher"
},
"expansion": "Middle French hocher"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hochier",
"t": "to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to be unstable or wobbly, shake"
},
"expansion": "Old French hochier (“to shake (something) to and fro, jostle; to be unstable or wobbly, shake”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "hocher",
"t": "to nod the head"
},
"expansion": "French hocher (“to nod the head”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hotsōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hotsōn"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hud-",
"t": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ket-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket-"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hotter",
"t": "(verb) to move in a jerky, uneven manner; to jolt; to shake; to walk unsteadily, totter; to shiver, shudder; to shake (with laughter); of liquid, etc.: to boil, bubble, seethe, sputter; to crowd, swarm; (noun) jolting or shaking; rattling sound; bubbling of boiling liquid; a shake, shiver; crowd, seething mass; motion or noise of such a crowd; jumbled heap"
},
"expansion": "Scots hotter (“(verb) to move in a jerky, uneven manner; to jolt; to shake; to walk unsteadily, totter; to shiver, shudder; to shake (with laughter); of liquid, etc.: to boil, bubble, seethe, sputter; to crowd, swarm; (noun) jolting or shaking; rattling sound; bubbling of boiling liquid; a shake, shiver; crowd, seething mass; motion or noise of such a crowd; jumbled heap”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hutsen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hutsen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hutsen",
"t": "to jog, jolt; to shake"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hutsen (“to jog, jolt; to shake”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hotsen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch hotsen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hotsen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hotsen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hotzen",
"t": "to shake or swing to and fro; to run quickly"
},
"expansion": "German hotzen (“to shake or swing to and fro; to run quickly”)"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "Southern Germany"
},
"expansion": "(Southern Germany)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hūdern",
"t": "to shake; to shudder"
},
"expansion": "Low German hūdern (“to shake; to shudder”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "hozzen",
"t": "act of swinging someone to and fro to punish them (?)"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German hozzen (“act of swinging someone to and fro to punish them (?)”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hūdenian",
"t": "to rock back and forth, shake, sway"
},
"expansion": "Old English hūdenian (“to rock back and forth, shake, sway”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hod",
"hod#Scots"
],
[
"hotch",
"hotch#Scots"
],
[
"hotch",
"hotch#English"
],
[
"hotchen",
"hotchen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hocher",
"hocher#Old_French"
],
[
"hocher",
"hocher#Middle_French"
],
[
"hochier",
"hochier#Old_French"
],
[
"hocher",
"hocher#French"
],
[
"*hotsōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hotsōn"
],
[
"*hottisōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hottisōn"
],
[
"*hottōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hottōn"
],
[
"*hud-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hud-"
],
[
"*(s)ket-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ket-"
],
[
"*kwēt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kwēt-"
],
[
"hotter",
"hotter#Scots"
],
[
"hutsen",
"hutsen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"hutsen",
"hutsen#Dutch"
],
[
"hotsen",
"hotsen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"hotsen",
"hotsen#Dutch"
],
[
"hossen",
"hossen#Dutch"
],
[
"hotzen",
"hotzen#German"
],
[
"hūdern",
"hūdern#Low_German"
],
[
"hozzen",
"hozzen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"hūdenian",
"hudenian#Old_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To bob up and down on horseback, as an inexperienced rider may do; to jog."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "a0e324f52c00c6200759bf48167d8915e75bca57b3e396b448fec8e51e93ef0f",
"rawRecordSha256": "9334d3b7fb87b2ea8d3b78e35ef51cda6d574a4b5a52feb7e1125385642adacd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 230344
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}