English word origin

Etymology of hoven

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

verb

alternative past participle of heave

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English hoven, alteration of Old English hafen, ġehafen by analogy with class 4 strong verbs (compare broken, past participle of breken (“to break”)), from Proto-Germanic *habanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift, heave”), equivalent to hove + -en. Compare German Low German hoven (“hoven”, past participle), German gehoben (“hoven”, past participle). More at heave.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionhovenenm
Inherited-form mentionhafenang
Inherited-form mention*habanazgem-pro
Derivation mention*habjanągem-pro · to lift, heave
Cognate mentiongehobende · hoven

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hoven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hoven"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hafen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hafen"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habanaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habanaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to lift, heave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift, heave”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "suffix",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hove",
        "3": "en<id:past participle>"
      },
      "expansion": "hove + -en"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "hoven",
        "t": "hoven",
        "pos": "past participle"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German hoven (“hoven”, past participle)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gehoben",
        "t": "hoven",
        "pos": "past participle"
      },
      "expansion": "German gehoben (“hoven”, past participle)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "hoven",
      "hoven#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hafen",
      "hafen#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ġehafen",
      "gehafen#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "broken",
      "broken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "breken",
      "breken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*habanaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habanaz"
    ],
    [
      "*habjaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habjaną"
    ],
    [
      "hove",
      "hove#English"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#English:_past_participle"
    ],
    [
      "hoven",
      "hoven#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "gehoben",
      "gehoben#German"
    ],
    [
      "heave",
      "heave#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "alternative past participle of heave"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "links": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

adj

Affected with the disease called hoove.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From hoove + -en.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "hoove",
        "4": "-en",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "From hoove + -en."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "hoove",
        "4": "-en",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "From hoove + -en."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "hoove",
      "hoove#English"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Affected with the disease called hoove."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for hoven →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-aG92ZW4