English word origin

Etymology of kraal

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗

verb

To enclose (livestock) within a kraal or stockade.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós Proto-Italic *korzos Vulgar Latin currus Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Vulgar Latin -ālis Vulgar Latin *currālis? Old Galician-Portuguese curral Portuguese curralbor. Dutch kraalbor. English kraal From colonial Dutch kraal, from Portuguese curral. Doublet of corral.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Borrowed-form mentionkraalnl
Derivation mentioncurralpt
Doublet mentioncorralen

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "nl:kraal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós\nProto-Italic *korzos\nVulgar Latin currus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nVulgar Latin -ālis\nVulgar Latin *currālis?\nOld Galician-Portuguese curral\nPortuguese curralbor.\nDutch kraalbor.\nEnglish kraal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"vrddhi\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱr̥sós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*korzos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"currus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*currālis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Galician-Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"curral\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"roa-opt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"curral\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kraal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"kraal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"kraal\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kraal"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kraal"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "curral"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese curral"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "corral"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of corral"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "nl:kraal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós\nProto-Italic *korzos\nVulgar Latin currus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nVulgar Latin -ālis\nVulgar Latin *currālis?\nOld Galician-Portuguese curral\nPortuguese curralbor.\nDutch kraalbor.\nEnglish kraal"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*ḱers-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-#Proto-Indo-European:_run"
    ],
    [
      "*-ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_vrddhi"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱr̥sós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱr̥sós"
    ],
    [
      "*korzos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/korzos"
    ],
    [
      "currus",
      "currus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
    ],
    [
      "*-is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
    ],
    [
      "*-ālis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*currālis",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/curralis"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Old_Galician-Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "kraal",
      "kraal#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "kraal",
      "kraal#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "corral",
      "corral#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To enclose (livestock) within a kraal or stockade."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "0008efa2f860f860cf5521a75d34d0388e424ea657b968373de47ad697de1331",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4248045511a83ec1930357f071c8a196a8d52b0f662ab32f3ded887b3b2635c7",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271590
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Unnumbered source etymology · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗

noun

In Central and Southern Africa, a small rural community. · In Central and Southern Africa, a rural village of huts surrounded by a stockade. · An enclosure for livestock.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Borrowed-form mentionkraalnl
Derivation mentioncurralpt
Doublet mentioncorralen

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "nl:kraal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós\nProto-Italic *korzos\nVulgar Latin currus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nVulgar Latin -ālis\nVulgar Latin *currālis?\nOld Galician-Portuguese curral\nPortuguese curralbor.\nDutch kraalbor.\nEnglish kraal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱers-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"vrddhi\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱr̥sós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*korzos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"currus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*currālis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Galician-Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"curral\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"roa-opt\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"curral\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"kraal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"kraal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"kraal\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "kraal"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kraal"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pt",
        "3": "curral"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese curral"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "corral"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of corral"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "nl:kraal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱers-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós\nProto-Italic *korzos\nVulgar Latin currus\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nVulgar Latin -ālis\nVulgar Latin *currālis?\nOld Galician-Portuguese curral\nPortuguese curralbor.\nDutch kraalbor.\nEnglish kraal"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*ḱers-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱers-#Proto-Indo-European:_run"
    ],
    [
      "*-ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_vrddhi"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱr̥sós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱr̥sós"
    ],
    [
      "*korzos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/korzos"
    ],
    [
      "currus",
      "currus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
    ],
    [
      "*-is",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
    ],
    [
      "*-ālis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*currālis",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/curralis"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Old_Galician-Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "kraal",
      "kraal#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "kraal",
      "kraal#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "curral",
      "curral#Portuguese"
    ],
    [
      "corral",
      "corral#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "crál",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "In Central and Southern Africa, a small rural community.",
        "In Central and Southern Africa, a rural village of huts surrounded by a stockade.",
        "An enclosure for livestock."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "9de94b358ef342667abea39f7c099482edb7c45527505f99300b95456a171bc8",
      "rawRecordSha256": "70519230b468b2b90614737076edf38b6baf24c88db2730b35c43b7a27cf2355",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 271589
    }
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for kraal →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-a3JhYWw