*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of kirk

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós Proto-Hellenic *kúrios Ancient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

to experience intense neck pain and/or incapacitated by it · to hit someone in the neck (stings, hickeys etc) · to kill

noun

A church.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós Proto-Hellenic *kúrios Ancient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ακός (-akós) Koine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom. Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Hellenic *-on Ancient Greek -ον (-on) Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor. Proto-West Germanic *kirikā Old English ċiriċebor. Old Norse kirkjabor. Northern Middle English kirke English kirk Inherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on). Doublet of church. Verb sense comes from assassination of American right-wing activist Charlie Kirk by a neck snipe on September 10th, 2025.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm-nor:kirke",
        "text": "++",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱuh₁ryós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúrios\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡ́ριος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡριακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-on\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡρῐᾰκόν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kirikā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ċiriċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kirkja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Northern Middle English\", \"term\" : \"kirke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm-nor\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"kirk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"kirk\">\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on)."
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "church"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of church"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm-nor:kirke",
        "text": "++",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on)."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*ḱewh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱuh₁ryós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱuh₁ryós"
    ],
    [
      "*kúrios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúrios"
    ],
    [
      "κῡ́ριος",
      "κύριος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*-kos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
    ],
    [
      "*-kos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-kos"
    ],
    [
      "-κός",
      "-κός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "-ακός",
      "-ακός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "κῡριακός",
      "κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*-om",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
    ],
    [
      "-ον",
      "-ον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "κῡρῐᾰκόν",
      "κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*kirikā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
    ],
    [
      "ċiriċe",
      "cirice#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "kirkja",
      "kirkja#Old_Norse"
    ],
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      "kirke",
      "kirke#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "kirke",
      "kirke#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "kirkja",
      "kirkja#Old_Norse"
    ],
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      "cirice#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*kirikā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
    ],
    [
      "κῡρῐᾰκόν",
      "κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "κῡριακός",
      "κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "-ον",
      "-ον#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "church",
      "church#English"
    ],
    [
      "snipe",
      "snipe"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "to experience intense neck pain and/or incapacitated by it",
        "to hit someone in the neck (stings, hickeys etc)",
        "to kill"
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "US",
        "humorous"
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A church."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland"
      ],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for kirk →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-a2lyaw