Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Race; family; breed; kind. · Persons of the same race or family; kindred. · One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively. · Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.
Related by blood or marriage, akin. (It is more common to form sentences using the noun instead.)
From Middle English kyn, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Cognate with Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”), Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk kjønn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön (“gender, sex”), Faroese and Icelandic kyn (“gender”), Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”), Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry, birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of) small cattle”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ǵenh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionkynenm
- Inherited-form mentioncynnang
- Inherited-form mention*kunigmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kunjągem-pro
- Cognate mentionkinsco
- Cognate mentionkinnfrr
- Cognate mentionkunnenl
- Cognate mentionkunnegml
- Cognate mentionkønda
- Cognate mentionkönsv
- Cognate mentionkunniafi
- Cognate mentionkunniaizh
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kyn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynn",
"4": "",
"5": "kind, sort, rank"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuni"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunją",
"4": "",
"5": "race, generation, descent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, generation, descent”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yom"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kin",
"3": "",
"4": "relatives, kinfolk"
},
"expansion": "Scots kin (“relatives, kinfolk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kinn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kinn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kunne",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex, race, family, lineage"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Danish køn (“gender, sex”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn",
"2": "kjønn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk kjønn (“gender, sex”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kön",
"3": "",
"4": "gender, sex"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kön (“gender, sex”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "kyn",
"3": "",
"4": "gender"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic kyn (“gender”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "honour, glory"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kunnia (“honour, glory”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunnia",
"3": "",
"4": "reputation"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunnia (“reputation”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"kyn",
"kyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"cynn",
"cynn#Old_English"
],
[
"*kuni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuni"
],
[
"*kunją",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunją"
],
[
"*ǵenh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁-"
],
[
"kin",
"kin#Scots"
],
[
"kinn",
"kinn#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kenn",
"kenn#North_Frisian"
],
[
"kunne",
"kunne#Dutch"
],
[
"kunne",
"kunne#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"køn",
"køn#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"kjønn#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"kjønn",
"kjønn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kön",
"kön#Swedish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"kyn#Faroese"
],
[
"kyn",
"kyn#Icelandic"
],
[
"kunnia",
"kunnia#Finnish"
],
[
"kunnia",
"kunnia#Ingrian"
],
[
"genus",
"genus#Latin"
],
[
"γένος",
"γένος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"जनस्",
"जनस्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"dhen",
"dhen#Albanian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Race; family; breed; kind.",
"Persons of the same race or family; kindred.",
"One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.",
"Relationship; same-bloodedness or affinity; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
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"collective"
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{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Related by blood or marriage, akin. (It is more common to form sentences using the noun instead.)"
],
"tags": [
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}