*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of kerf

From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To cut a piece of wood or other material with several kerfs to allow it to be bent.

noun

The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice. · The groove or slit created by cutting or sawing something; an incision. · The portion or quantity (e.g. of wood, hay, turf, wool, etc.) removed or cut off in a given stroke. · The distance between diverging saw teeth.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Käärf, West Frisian kerf, Swedish korv. Related also to Dutch kerf, German Low German Karve, Karv, German Kerbe.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionkerfenm
  • Inherited-form mentioncyrfang · an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument
  • Inherited-form mention*kurbigmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*kurbizgem-pro · a cut; notch; clipping
  • Derivation mention*gerbʰ-ine-pro · to scratch
  • Cognate mentionKäärfstq
  • Cognate mentionkerffy
  • Cognate mentionkorvsv
  • Cognate mentionkerfnl
  • Cognate mentionKerbede

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "kerf"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English kerf"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "cyrf",
        "t": "an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*kurbi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
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        "3": "*kurbiz",
        "t": "a cut; notch; clipping"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gerbʰ-",
        "t": "to scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "Käärf"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Käärf"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "kerf"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian kerf"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "korv"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish korv"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kerf"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kerf"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Karve"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Karve"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kerbe"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kerbe"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
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      "kerf#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
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      "kirf#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "kyrf",
      "kyrf#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "cyrf",
      "cyrf#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*kurbi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kurbi"
    ],
    [
      "*kurbiz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kurbiz"
    ],
    [
      "*gerbʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "Käärf",
      "Käärf#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "kerf",
      "kerf#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "korv",
      "korv#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "kerf",
      "kerf#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Karve",
      "Karve#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Karv",
      "Karv#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Kerbe",
      "Kerbe#German"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To cut a piece of wood or other material with several kerfs to allow it to be bent."
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice.",
        "The groove or slit created by cutting or sawing something; an incision.",
        "The portion or quantity (e.g. of wood, hay, turf, wool, etc.) removed or cut off in a given stroke.",
        "The distance between diverging saw teeth."
      ],
      "tags": [
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for kerf →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-a2VyZg