Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To continue in (a course or mode of action); to not intermit or fall from; to uphold or maintain. · To remain faithful to a given promise or word. · To maintain possession of. · To maintain the condition of; to preserve in a certain state.
From Middle English kepen (“to keep, guard, look after, watch”), from Old English cēpan (“to seize, hold, observe”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną (“to look, heed, watch, observe”) (compare West Frisian kypje (“to look”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵab-, *ǵāb- (“to look after”) (compare Lithuanian žẽbti (“to eat reluctantly”), Russian забо́та (zabóta, “care, worry”)). The dialectal sense of the verb meaning “to put back” or “put away” may be analyzed as a semantic loan from a local language—compare Welsh cadw and Mandarin 收 (shōu).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionkepenenm · to keep, guard, look after, watch
- Inherited-form mentioncēpanang · to seize, hold, observe
- Inherited-form mention*kōpijangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kōpijanągem-pro · to look, heed, watch, observe
- Cognate mentionkypjefy · to look
- Derivation mention*ǵab-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionžẽbtilt · to eat reluctantly
- Cognate mentionзабо́таru · care, worry
- Non-cognate comparisoncadwcy
This page abbreviates 23 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kepen",
"t": "to keep, guard, look after, watch"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kepen (“to keep, guard, look after, watch”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cēpan",
"t": "to seize, hold, observe"
},
"expansion": "Old English cēpan (“to seize, hold, observe”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōpijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōpijaną",
"t": "to look, heed, watch, observe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną (“to look, heed, watch, observe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kypje",
"t": "to look"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kypje (“to look”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵab-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žẽbti",
"t": "to eat reluctantly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žẽbti (“to eat reluctantly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "забо́та",
"t": "care, worry"
},
"expansion": "Russian забо́та (zabóta, “care, worry”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "semantic loan"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cadw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cadw"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin"
},
{
"name": "zh-m",
"args": {
"1": "收",
"tr": "shōu"
},
"expansion": "收 (shōu)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"kepen",
"kepen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cēpan",
"cepan#Old_English"
],
[
"*kōpijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kōpijan"
],
[
"*kōpijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōpijaną"
],
[
"kypje",
"kypje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"*ǵab-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵab-"
],
[
"*ǵāb-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵāb-"
],
[
"žẽbti",
"žebti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"забо́та",
"забота#Russian"
],
[
"sense of the verb meaning “to put back” or “put away”",
"keep#English:_put-back"
],
[
"cadw",
"cadw#Welsh"
],
[
"收",
"收#Chinese"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To continue in (a course or mode of action); to not intermit or fall from; to uphold or maintain.",
"To remain faithful to a given promise or word.",
"To maintain possession of.",
"To maintain the condition of; to preserve in a certain state."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"ditransitive"
],
"recordId": "e733069d21d83b922c37a2e7e2255bcd2bfa0a9c72778d13d050119b97fa0f08",
"rawRecordSha256": "3e3e030a9a0423e1c0bdb53dce1bb6cbfedef3918eda72e8986008fb078ea1fe",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 31322
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 23,
"glosses": 0
}
}