Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Knowledge; the state of knowing. · Knowledge; the state of knowing. (Now confined to the fixed phrase in the know.)
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that. · To be or become aware or cognizant. · To be aware of; to be cognizant of. · To be acquainted (with another person).
From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognates * from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic knega (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken). * from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Romanian cunoaște, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “to know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“to know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”) and Hindi जानना (jānnā, “to know, understand”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*ǵneh₃-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionknowenenm
- Inherited-form mentioncnāwanang
- Inherited-form mention*knāangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*knēanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*ǵneh₃-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionknawsco
- Cognate mentionknegais
- Cognate mentionknājangoh
- Cognate mentionknánon
- Cognate mentionkennende
- Cognate mentionkennefy
- Cognate mentiongnoscōla
- Cognate mentioncognoscōla
- Cognate mentionconoceres
- Cognate mentionconnaîtrefr
- Cognate mentioncunoaștero
- Cognate mentionconoscereit
- Cognate mentionconhecerpt
- Cognate mentionγνωρίζωgrc
- Cognate mentionnjohsq
- Cognate mentionзнатьru
- Cognate mentionžinotilt
- Cognate mentionشناختنfa
- Cognate mentionजाननाhi
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:knowen",
"id": "verb"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knēaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knāan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cnāwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"knowen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"know\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"verb\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"know\" id=\"English:_verb\">"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwan",
"4": "",
"5": "to know, perceive, recognise"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*knāan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *knāan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knēaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "knaw",
"3": "",
"4": "to know, recognise"
},
"expansion": "Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "knega",
"3": "",
"4": "to know, know how to, be able"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic knega (“to know, know how to, be able”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "knājan",
"3": "",
"4": "to know, recognise"
},
"expansion": "Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kná",
"3": "",
"4": "to know how"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kná (“to know how”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kennen"
},
"expansion": "German kennen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kenne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kenne"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnoscō"
},
"expansion": "Latin gnoscō"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cognoscō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cognoscō"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "conocer"
},
"expansion": "Spanish conocer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "connaître"
},
"expansion": "French connaître"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cunoaște"
},
"expansion": "Romanian cunoaște"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "conoscere"
},
"expansion": "Italian conoscere"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "conhecer"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese conhecer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνωρίζω",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "njoh",
"3": "",
"4": "to know, recognise"
},
"expansion": "Albanian njoh (“to know, recognise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "знать",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žinoti",
"3": "",
"4": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شناختن",
"3": "",
"4": "to know",
"tr": "šenâxtan"
},
"expansion": "Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "जानना",
"3": "",
"4": "to know, understand"
},
"expansion": "Hindi जानना (jānnā, “to know, understand”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:knowen",
"id": "verb"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwan",
"cnawan#Old_English"
],
[
"*knāan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knāan"
],
[
"*knēaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knēaną"
],
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-"
],
[
"knaw",
"knaw#Scots"
],
[
"knega",
"knega#Icelandic"
],
[
"knājan",
"knajan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"kná",
"kná#Old_Norse"
],
[
"kennen",
"kennen#German"
],
[
"kenne",
"kenne#West_Frisian"
],
[
"ken",
"ken#English"
],
[
"gnoscō",
"gnosco#Latin"
],
[
"cognoscō",
"cognosco#Latin"
],
[
"conocer",
"conocer#Spanish"
],
[
"connaître",
"connaître#French"
],
[
"cunoaște",
"cunoaște#Romanian"
],
[
"conoscere",
"conoscere#Italian"
],
[
"conhecer",
"conhecer#Portuguese"
],
[
"γνωρίζω",
"γνωρίζω#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"γνῶσις",
"γνῶσις#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"njoh",
"njoh#Albanian"
],
[
"знать",
"знать#Russian"
],
[
"žinoti",
"žinoti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"شناختن",
"شناختن#Persian"
],
[
"जानना",
"जानना#Hindi"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Knowledge; the state of knowing.",
"Knowledge; the state of knowing. (Now confined to the fixed phrase in the know.)"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 12936
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that.",
"To be or become aware or cognizant.",
"To be aware of; to be cognizant of.",
"To be acquainted (with another person)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "a69cf4e0f13dd35b100fbc0e3e8db5b3e0e67146c7339995f6e19363547c1155",
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}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 10,
"glosses": 0
}
}