Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
An abrupt rapping sound, as from an impact of a hard object against wood. · A sharp impact. · A criticism. · A blow or setback.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo rap one's knuckles against something, especially wood. · To strike for admittance; to rap upon, as a door. · To criticize verbally; to denigrate; to undervalue. · To kick a ball towards another player; to pass.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *knukô Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti Proto-Germanic *-ōną Proto-Germanic *knukōną Proto-West Germanic *knokōn Old English cnocian Middle English knokken English knock From Middle English knokken, from Old English cnocian, ġecnocian, ġecnucian, cnucian (“to knock, pound on, beat”), from Proto-West Germanic *knokōn, from Proto-Germanic *knukōną (“to knock”), a suffixed form of *knu-, *knew- (“to pound on, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gnew-, *gen- (“to squeeze, pinch, kink, ball up, concentrate”). The English word is cognate with Middle High German knochen (“to hit”), Old English cnuian, cnuwian (“to pound, knock”), Old Norse knoka (compare Danish knuge (“to squeeze”), Swedish knocka (“to hug”)). More at knuckle.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionknokkenenm
- Inherited-form mentioncnocianang
- Inherited-form mention*knokōngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*knukōnągem-pro · to knock
- Derivation mention*gnew-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionknochengmh · to hit
- Cognate mentioncnuianang
- Cognate mentionknokanon
- Cognate mentionknugeda · to squeeze
- Cognate mentionknockasv · to hug
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:knokken",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *knukô\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *knukōną\nProto-West Germanic *knokōn\nOld English cnocian\nMiddle English knokken\nEnglish knock\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knukōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knokōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cnocian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"knokken\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"knock\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"knock\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knokken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knokken"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnocian"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnocian"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*knokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *knokōn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knukōną",
"t": "to knock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukōną (“to knock”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gnew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gnew-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "knochen",
"t": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German knochen (“to hit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cnuian"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnuian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knoka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse knoka"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "knuge",
"t": "to squeeze"
},
"expansion": "Danish knuge (“to squeeze”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "knocka",
"t": "to hug"
},
"expansion": "Swedish knocka (“to hug”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:knokken",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *knukô\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *knukōną\nProto-West Germanic *knokōn\nOld English cnocian\nMiddle English knokken\nEnglish knock"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*knukô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukô"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti#Proto-Indo-European:_factitive_verb"
],
[
"*-ōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną#Proto-Germanic:_denominative"
],
[
"*knukōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukōną"
],
[
"*knokōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knokōn"
],
[
"cnocian",
"cnocian#Old_English"
],
[
"knokken",
"knokken#Middle_English"
],
[
"knokken",
"knokken#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnocian",
"cnocian#Old_English"
],
[
"ġecnocian",
"gecnocian#Old_English"
],
[
"ġecnucian",
"gecnucian#Old_English"
],
[
"cnucian",
"cnucian#Old_English"
],
[
"*knokōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knokōn"
],
[
"*knukōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukōną"
],
[
"*knu-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knu-"
],
[
"*knew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knew-"
],
[
"*gnew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gnew-"
],
[
"*gen-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gen-"
],
[
"knochen",
"knochen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"cnuian",
"cnuian#Old_English"
],
[
"cnuwian",
"cnuwian#Old_English"
],
[
"knoka",
"knoka#Old_Norse"
],
[
"knuge",
"knuge#Danish"
],
[
"knocka",
"knocka#Swedish"
],
[
"knuckle",
"knuckle"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An abrupt rapping sound, as from an impact of a hard object against wood.",
"A sharp impact.",
"A criticism.",
"A blow or setback."
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To rap one's knuckles against something, especially wood.",
"To strike for admittance; to rap upon, as a door.",
"To criticize verbally; to denigrate; to undervalue.",
"To kick a ball towards another player; to pass."
],
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}