Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo record (activity, or a motion picture) on photographic film. · To visually record (activity, or a motion picture) in general, with or without sound. · To cover or become covered with a thin skin or pellicle.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pel-der. Proto-Germanic *felma- Proto-Germanic *filmīn- Old English filmen Middle English filme English film From Middle English filme, from Old English filmen (“film, membrane, thin skin, foreskin”), from Proto-West Germanic *filmīn-, from Proto-Germanic *filmīn- (“thin skin, membrane”) (compare Proto-Germanic *felma- (“skin, hide”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pél-mo- (“membrane”), from *pel- (“to cover, skin”). Cognate with Old Frisian filmene (“thin skin, human skin”), Middle Dutch velm, vilm (“fleece, film, membrane”), Old High German felm (“peel, skin, wrap”), Old English *felma (in ǣġerfelma (“egg membrane”)). Related also to Dutch vel (“sheet, skin”), German Fell (“skin, hide, fur”), Swedish fjäll (“fur blanket, cloth, scale”), Norwegian fille (“rag, cloth”), Lithuanian plėvē (“membrane, scab”), Russian плева́ (plevá, “membrane”), Ancient Greek πέλμα (pélma, “sole of the foot”). More at fell. Sense of a thin coat of something is 1577, extended by 1845 to the coating of chemical gel on photographic plates. By 1895 this also meant the coating plus the paper or celluloid.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfilmeenm
- Inherited-form mentionfilmenang · film, membrane, thin skin, foreskin
- Inherited-form mention*filmīn-gmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*filmīn-gem-pro · thin skin, membrane
- Cognate mention*felma-gem-pro · skin, hide
- Cognate mentionfilmeneofs · thin skin, human skin
- Cognate mentionvelmdum
- Cognate mentionfelmgoh · peel, skin, wrap
- Cognate mention*felmaang
- Cognate mentionvelnl · sheet, skin
- Cognate mentionFellde · skin, hide, fur
- Cognate mentionfjällsv · fur blanket, cloth, scale
- Cognate mentionfilleno · rag, cloth
- Cognate mentionplėvēlt · membrane, scab
- Cognate mentionплева́ru · membrane
- Cognate mentionπέλμαgrc · sole of the foot
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:filme",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.\nProto-Germanic *felma-\nProto-Germanic *filmīn-\nOld English filmen\nMiddle English filme\nEnglish film\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"skin\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*felma-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*filmīn-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"filmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"filme\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"film\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"film\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "filme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English filme"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "filmen",
"t": "film, membrane, thin skin, foreskin"
},
"expansion": "Old English filmen (“film, membrane, thin skin, foreskin”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*filmīn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *filmīn-"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*filmīn-",
"t": "thin skin, membrane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *filmīn- (“thin skin, membrane”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felma-",
"t": "skin, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *felma- (“skin, hide”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pél-mo-",
"t": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pél-mo- (“membrane”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "filmene",
"t": "thin skin, human skin"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian filmene (“thin skin, human skin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "velm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch velm"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "felm",
"t": "peel, skin, wrap"
},
"expansion": "Old High German felm (“peel, skin, wrap”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*felma"
},
"expansion": "Old English *felma"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vel",
"t": "sheet, skin"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vel (“sheet, skin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Fell",
"t": "skin, hide, fur"
},
"expansion": "German Fell (“skin, hide, fur”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fjäll",
"t": "fur blanket, cloth, scale"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fjäll (“fur blanket, cloth, scale”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fille",
"t": "rag, cloth"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian fille (“rag, cloth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėvē",
"t": "membrane, scab"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plėvē (“membrane, scab”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "плева́",
"t": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Russian плева́ (plevá, “membrane”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλμα",
"t": "sole of the foot"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέλμα (pélma, “sole of the foot”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:filme",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pel-der.\nProto-Germanic *felma-\nProto-Germanic *filmīn-\nOld English filmen\nMiddle English filme\nEnglish film"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*pel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-#Proto-Indo-European:_skin"
],
[
"*felma-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/felma-"
],
[
"*filmīn-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/filmīn-"
],
[
"filmen",
"filmen#Old_English"
],
[
"filme",
"filme#Middle_English"
],
[
"filme",
"filme#Middle_English"
],
[
"filmen",
"filmen#Old_English"
],
[
"*filmīn-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/filmīn-"
],
[
"*filmīn-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/filmīn-"
],
[
"*felma-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/felma-"
],
[
"*pel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-"
],
[
"filmene",
"filmene#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"velm",
"velm#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"vilm",
"vilm#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"felm",
"felm#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*felma",
"Reconstruction:Old English/felma"
],
[
"ǣġerfelma",
"ægerfelma#Old_English"
],
[
"vel",
"vel#Dutch"
],
[
"Fell",
"Fell#German"
],
[
"fjäll",
"fjäll#Swedish"
],
[
"fille",
"fille#Norwegian"
],
[
"plėvē",
"plėvē#Lithuanian"
],
[
"плева́",
"плева#Russian"
],
[
"πέλμα",
"πέλμα#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"fell",
"fell#Etymology_2"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To record (activity, or a motion picture) on photographic film.",
"To visually record (activity, or a motion picture) in general, with or without sound.",
"To cover or become covered with a thin skin or pellicle."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "11be01b7f84d3e9e8e0f6287559571fe75d89588404d608e88b8665bd390c53b",
"rawRecordSha256": "50687fc2b724c8845530777c344683bc558b94a7953ae3d9a6e5cb365a1e377a",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 176289
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}