Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A devil or demon; a malignant or diabolical being; an evil spirit. · A very evil person. · An enemy; a foe. · The enemy of mankind, specifically, the Devil; Satan.
To yearn; to be desperate.
From Middle English fend, feend (“enemy; demon”), from Old English fēond (“enemy”), Proto-West Germanic *fijand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz. Cognates Cognate with Scots fient (“fiend”), Saterland Frisian Fäind (“enemy, fiend, foe”), Cimbrian faint (“enemy, fiend”), Dutch vijand (“enemy”), German Feind (“enemy, fiend, foe”), Vilamovian faeind, fajnd (“enemy”), Yiddish פֿײַנד (faynd), פֿײַנט (faynt, “enemy”), Danish fjende (“adversary, enemy, foe”), Icelandic fjandi (“enemy; fiend, demon, devil”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish fiende (“enemy”), Old Norse fjándi (“enemy; devil”), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fiands), 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fijands, “enemy, foe”). The Old Norse and Gothic terms are present participles of the corresponding verbs fjá/𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fijan, “to hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”) (compare Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “(he) reviles”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*peh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionfendenm
- Inherited-form mentionfēondang · enemy
- Inherited-form mention*fijandgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*fijandzgem-pro
- Cognate mentionfientsco · fiend
- Cognate mentionFäindstq · enemy, fiend, foe
- Cognate mentionfaintcim · enemy, fiend
- Cognate mentionvijandnl · enemy
- Cognate mentionFeindde · enemy, fiend, foe
- Cognate mentionfaeindwym
- Cognate mentionפֿײַנדyi
- Cognate mentionfjendeda · adversary, enemy, foe
- Cognate mentionfjandiis · enemy; fiend, demon, devil
- Cognate mentionfiendesv · enemy
- Cognate mentionfjándinon · enemy; devil
- Cognate mention𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃got
- Derivation mention*peh₁-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionपीयतिsa
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
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"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
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{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fend"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēond",
"t": "enemy"
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{
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"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fient",
"t": "fiend"
},
"expansion": "Scots fient (“fiend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Fäind",
"t": "enemy, fiend, foe"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Fäind (“enemy, fiend, foe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "faint",
"t": "enemy, fiend"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian faint (“enemy, fiend”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vijand",
"t": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vijand (“enemy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "Feind",
"t": "enemy, fiend, foe"
},
"expansion": "German Feind (“enemy, fiend, foe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "faeind"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian faeind"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "פֿײַנד"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish פֿײַנד (faynd)"
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fjende",
"t": "adversary, enemy, foe"
},
"expansion": "Danish fjende (“adversary, enemy, foe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjandi",
"t": "enemy; fiend, demon, devil"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic fjandi (“enemy; fiend, demon, devil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fiende",
"t": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fiende (“enemy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjándi",
"t": "enemy; devil"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fjándi (“enemy; devil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fiands)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पीयति",
"3": "",
"4": "(he) reviles",
"tr": "pī́yati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “(he) reviles”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"fend",
"fend#Middle_English"
],
[
"feend",
"feend#Middle_English"
],
[
"fēond",
"feond#Old_English"
],
[
"*fijand",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fijand"
],
[
"*fijandz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijandz"
],
[
"fient",
"fient#Scots"
],
[
"Fäind",
"Fäind#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"faint",
"faint#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vijand",
"vijand#Dutch"
],
[
"Feind",
"Feind#German"
],
[
"faeind",
"faeind#Vilamovian"
],
[
"fajnd",
"fajnd#Vilamovian"
],
[
"פֿײַנד",
"פֿײַנד#Yiddish"
],
[
"פֿײַנט",
"פֿײַנט#Yiddish"
],
[
"fjende",
"fjende#Danish"
],
[
"fjandi",
"fjandi#Icelandic"
],
[
"fiende",
"fiende#Swedish"
],
[
"fjándi",
"fjándi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃",
"𐍆𐌹𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃",
"𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"fjá",
"fjá#Old_Norse"
],
[
"𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"*peh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₁-"
],
[
"पीयति",
"पीयति#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A devil or demon; a malignant or diabolical being; an evil spirit.",
"A very evil person.",
"An enemy; a foe.",
"The enemy of mankind, specifically, the Devil; Satan."
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To yearn; to be desperate."
],
"tags": [
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