*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of fend

From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Pr

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being. · To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off).

noun

Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fenden",
        "4": "",
        "5": "defend, fight, prevent"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "deffendre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French deffendre"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "défendre",
        "w": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "French défendre"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dēfendō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to ward off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "prefix",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "dē",
        "3": "*fendō",
        "t2": "hit, thrust",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "dē- + *fendō (“hit, thrust”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*fendō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *fendō"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷʰen-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "strike, kill"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "fenden",
      "fenden#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "defenden",
      "defenden#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "deffendre",
      "deffendre#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "défendre",
      "défendre#French"
    ],
    [
      "dēfendō",
      "defendo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "dē-",
      "de-#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*fendō",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/fendo"
    ],
    [
      "*fendō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fendō"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷʰen-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being.",
        "To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

An enemy; fiend; the Devil.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*peh₁-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionfendenm
  • Inherited-form mentionfēondang · adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan
  • Inherited-form mention*fijandzgem-pro
  • Derivation mention*peh₁-ine-pro
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fend",
        "4": "fēnd"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fēnd"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fēond",
        "t": "adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fijandz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fijandz"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₁-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to hate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "fēnd",
      "fend#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "feond",
      "feond#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "fēond",
      "feond#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*fijandz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijandz"
    ],
    [
      "*fijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*peh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "fiend",
      "fiend#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An enemy; fiend; the Devil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ],
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for fend →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZmVuZA