Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm. · To feel fear. · To worry about, to feel concern for, to be afraid for [with for]. · To venerate; to feel awe towards.
A strong, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat. · A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone in particular. · Something one is afraid of; the object of one’s fear. · Terrified veneration or reverence, particularly towards God, gods, or sovereigns.
From Middle English feer, fere, fer (“fear”), from Old English fǣr, ġefǣr (“calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack, terrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *fērō, *fērą (“danger”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through, carry forth, try”). Cognate with Dutch gevaar (“danger, risk, peril”), German Gefahr (“danger, hazard, risk”), Danish fare (“danger, hazard, risk”), Faroese and Icelandic fár (“accident, anger, calamity”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk fare (“danger”), Swedish fara (“danger, risk, peril”), Latin perīculum (“danger, risk, trial”), Ancient Greek πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, experiment”), Armenian փորձ (pʻorj, “attempt”). Doublet of peril. The verb is from Middle English feren, from Old English fǣran (“to frighten, raven”), from the noun. Cognate with the archaic Dutch verb varen (“to fear, to cause fear”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*per-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionfeerenm
- Inherited-form mentionfǣrang
- Inherited-form mention*fērōgem-pro
- Derivation mention*per-ine-pro
- Cognate mentiongevaarnl
- Cognate mentionGefahrde
- Cognate mentionfareda
- Cognate mentionfarasv
- Cognate mentionperīculumla
- Cognate mentionπεῖραgrc
- Cognate mentionփորձhy
- Doublet mentionperilen
- Inherited-form mentionferenenm
- Inherited-form mentionfǣranang
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "feer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English feer"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English fǣr"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fērō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fērō"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go through, carry forth, try"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through, carry forth, try”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gevaar",
"3": "",
"4": "danger, risk, peril"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gevaar (“danger, risk, peril”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gefahr",
"3": "",
"4": "danger, hazard, risk"
},
"expansion": "German Gefahr (“danger, hazard, risk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fare",
"3": "",
"4": "danger, hazard, risk"
},
"expansion": "Danish fare (“danger, hazard, risk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "fár",
"3": "",
"4": "accident, anger, calamity"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic fár (“accident, anger, calamity”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn",
"2": "fare",
"3": "",
"4": "danger"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk fare (“danger”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fara",
"3": "",
"4": "danger, risk, peril"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fara (“danger, risk, peril”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perīculum",
"3": "",
"4": "danger, risk, trial"
},
"expansion": "Latin perīculum (“danger, risk, trial”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πεῖρα",
"3": "",
"4": "trial, experiment"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, experiment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "փորձ",
"3": "",
"4": "attempt"
},
"expansion": "Armenian փորձ (pʻorj, “attempt”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peril"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of peril"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "feren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English feren"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fǣran",
"4": "",
"5": "to frighten, raven"
},
"expansion": "Old English fǣran (“to frighten, raven”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch"
}
],
"links": [
[
"feer",
"feer#Middle_English"
],
[
"fere",
"fere#Middle_English"
],
[
"fer",
"fer#Middle_English"
],
[
"fǣr",
"fær#Old_English"
],
[
"ġefǣr",
"gefær#Old_English"
],
[
"*fērō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērō"
],
[
"*fērą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērą"
],
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-"
],
[
"gevaar",
"gevaar#Dutch"
],
[
"Gefahr",
"Gefahr#German"
],
[
"fare",
"fare#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"fár#Faroese"
],
[
"fár",
"fár#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"fare#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"fare",
"fare#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"fara",
"fara#Swedish"
],
[
"perīculum",
"periculum#Latin"
],
[
"πεῖρα",
"πεῖρα#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"փորձ",
"փորձ#Armenian"
],
[
"peril",
"peril#English"
],
[
"feren",
"feren#Middle_English"
],
[
"fǣran",
"færan#Old_English"
],
[
"varen",
"varen#Dutch"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
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"To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm.",
"To feel fear.",
"To worry about, to feel concern for, to be afraid for [with for].",
"To venerate; to feel awe towards."
],
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"glosses": [
"A strong, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.",
"A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone in particular.",
"Something one is afraid of; the object of one’s fear.",
"Terrified veneration or reverence, particularly towards God, gods, or sovereigns."
],
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