Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock. · A tract of land held on lease for the purpose of cultivation. · A location used for an industrial purpose, having many similar structures. · A group of coordinated servers.
Inherited from Middle English ferme, farme (“rent, revenue, produce, factor, stewardship, meal, feast”), influenced by Anglo-Norman ferme (“rent, lease, farm”), from Medieval Latin ferma, firma. There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquired this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”); or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Icelandic fjör (“life, vitality, vigour, animation”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor, supplier, grocer”). Cognate with Scots ferm (“rent, farm”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*perkʷ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionfermeenm
- Derivation mentionfeormang · rent, provision, supplies, feast
- Derivation mention*fermōgem-pro
- Derivation mention*ferhwōgem-pro · life force, body, being
- Derivation mention*perkʷ-ine-pro · life, force, strength, tree
- Derivation mentionfirmusla · solid, secure
- Derivation mention*fermositc-pro
- Cognate mentionfeorhang · life, spirit
- Cognate mentionfjöris · life, vitality, vigour, animation
- Cognate mention𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃got · the world
- Cognate mentionfeormehāmang · farm
- Cognate mentionfermsco · rent, farm
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English ferme"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English ferme"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "ferme",
"t": "rent, lease, farm"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman ferme (“rent, lease, farm”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "ferma"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin ferma"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "feorm",
"t": "rent, provision, supplies, feast"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fermō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fermō"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ferhwō",
"t": "life force, body, being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "life, force, strength, tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feorh",
"t": "life, spirit"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorh (“life, spirit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fjör",
"t": "life, vitality, vigour, animation"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic fjör (“life, vitality, vigour, animation”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃",
"t": "the world"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feormehām",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Old English feormehām (“farm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ferm",
"t": "rent, farm"
},
"expansion": "Scots ferm (“rent, farm”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ferme",
"ferme#Middle_English"
],
[
"farme",
"farme#Middle_English"
],
[
"ferme",
"ferme#Old_French"
],
[
"ferma",
"ferma#Latin"
],
[
"firma",
"firma#Latin"
],
[
"feorm",
"feorm#Old_English"
],
[
"*fermō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fermō"
],
[
"*firhuma-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/firhuma-"
],
[
"*ferhwō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferhwō"
],
[
"*perkʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perkʷ-"
],
[
"firmus",
"firmus#Latin"
],
[
"*fermos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fermos"
],
[
"*dʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-"
],
[
"feorh",
"feorh#Old_English"
],
[
"fjör",
"fjör#Icelandic"
],
[
"𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃",
"𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"feormehām",
"feormeham#Old_English"
],
[
"feormere",
"feormere#Old_English"
],
[
"ferm",
"ferm#Scots"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hawaiian Creole",
"lang_code": "hwc",
"word": "farm"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "farm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "farm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "farmi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Farm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "φάρμα",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fárma"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "farme",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "farma",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"word": "פֿאַרם",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "farm"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "farmear",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "farm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"word": "ฟาร์ม",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "faam"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock.",
"A tract of land held on lease for the purpose of cultivation.",
"A location used for an industrial purpose, having many similar structures.",
"A group of coordinated servers."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"in-compounds",
"often"
],
"recordId": "6ae64815b48a8d3a983f700f2e830cc666730f5cf58bdb8992ed2abd014bb626",
"rawRecordSha256": "8209110ccd4f69b35bd421d133bdb15ba1404f23f1a7498c37b77a026c45f4cd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 158516
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 8,
"glosses": 0
}
}