Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To paint, as the cheeks or face. · To embellish or gloss over.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryColour or paint, especially white paint, used on the face; makeup, war-paint.
The verb is derived from Middle English farden (“to apply cosmetics”) or Middle French farder, from Old French farder (“to make up or paint the face; to disguise; to represent in a false light”), from Frankish *farwidōn (“to colour, dye”), from Proto-Germanic *farwiþōną (“to colour”), from *farwō (“colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“coloured; motley”). The word is cognate with Icelandic farða, Latin pulcher (“beautiful”), Old High German farwjan (“to colour”) (modern German Farbe (“colour”)), Middle Low German varwe (“colour”) (Low German Farwe (“colour”)), Welsh erch (“dark brown”). The noun is derived from French fard (“cosmetics, make-up”), from Old French fart (“cosmetics, make-up”) (masculine) (farde (feminine)); further etymology is uncertain, but a possible derivation is from Old High German gifarwit (“coloured, painted”), past participle of farwjan (“to colour”), from Proto-West Germanic *faru (related to the verb).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*perḱ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionfardenenm · to apply cosmetics
- Derivation mentionfarderfrm
- Derivation mentionfarderfro · to make up or paint the face; to disguise; to represent in a false light
- Inherited-form mention*farwiþōnągem-pro · to colour
- Derivation mention*perḱ-ine-pro · coloured; motley
- Cognate mentionfarðais
- Cognate mentionpulcherla · beautiful
- Cognate mentionfarwjangoh · to colour
- Cognate mentionFarbede · colour
- Cognate mentionvarwegml · colour
- Cognate mentionFarwends · colour
- Cognate mentionerchcy · dark brown
- Derivation mentionfardfr · cosmetics, make-up
- Derivation mentionfartfro · cosmetics, make-up
- Derivation mentiongifarwitgoh · coloured, painted
- Derivation mention*farugmw-pro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perḱ-",
"id": "colored"
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"expansion": "verb"
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{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "farden",
"t": "to apply cosmetics"
},
"expansion": "Middle English farden (“to apply cosmetics”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "farder"
},
"expansion": "Middle French farder"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "farder",
"t": "to make up or paint the face; to disguise; to represent in a false light"
},
"expansion": "Old French farder (“to make up or paint the face; to disguise; to represent in a false light”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*farwidōn",
"t": "to colour, dye"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *farwidōn (“to colour, dye”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*farwiþōną",
"t": "to colour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *farwiþōną (“to colour”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perḱ-",
"t": "coloured; motley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“coloured; motley”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "farða"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic farða"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pulcher",
"t": "beautiful"
},
"expansion": "Latin pulcher (“beautiful”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "farwjan",
"t": "to colour"
},
"expansion": "Old High German farwjan (“to colour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Farbe",
"t": "colour"
},
"expansion": "German Farbe (“colour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "varwe",
"t": "colour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German varwe (“colour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Farwe",
"t": "colour"
},
"expansion": "Low German Farwe (“colour”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "erch",
"t": "dark brown"
},
"expansion": "Welsh erch (“dark brown”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "fard",
"t": "cosmetics, make-up"
},
"expansion": "French fard (“cosmetics, make-up”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fart",
"t": "cosmetics, make-up"
},
"expansion": "Old French fart (“cosmetics, make-up”)"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "masculine"
},
"expansion": "(masculine)"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "(feminine)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gifarwit",
"t": "coloured, painted"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gifarwit (“coloured, painted”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*faru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *faru"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²"
}
],
"links": [
[
"farden",
"farden#Middle_English"
],
[
"farder",
"farder#Middle_French"
],
[
"farder",
"farder#Old_French"
],
[
"*farwidōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/farwidōn"
],
[
"*farwiþōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/farwiþōną"
],
[
"*farwō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/farwō"
],
[
"*perḱ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-"
],
[
"farða",
"farða#Icelandic"
],
[
"pulcher",
"pulcher#Latin"
],
[
"farwjan",
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],
[
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],
[
"varwe",
"varwe#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"Farwe",
"Farwe#Low_German"
],
[
"erch",
"erch#Welsh"
],
[
"fard",
"fard#French"
],
[
"fart",
"fart#Old_French"
],
[
"farde",
"farde#Old_French"
],
[
"gifarwit",
"gifarwit#Old_High_German"
],
[
"farwjan",
"farwjan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*faru",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/faru"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To paint, as the cheeks or face.",
"To embellish or gloss over."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Colour or paint, especially white paint, used on the face; makeup, war-paint."
],
"tags": [
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"countable",
"uncountable"
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