*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of ewe

From Middle English ewe, from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”). Cognates See also Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch oo

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English ewe, from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”). Cognates See also Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch ooi, German Aue; also Old Irish oí, Latin ovis, Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w, Lithuanian avi̇̀s (“ewe”), Russian овца́ (ovcá).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentioneweenm
  • Inherited-form mentioneowuang
  • Inherited-form mention*awigmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*awizgem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*h₂ówisine-pro
  • Cognate mentionēowang
  • Cognate mentioneify
  • Cognate mentionooinl
  • Cognate mentionAuede
  • Cognate mentionoísga
  • Cognate mentionovisla
  • Cognate mentionāᵤwtxb
  • Cognate mentionavìslt
  • Cognate mentionовца́ru
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ewe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ewe"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eowu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eowu"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*awi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *awi"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*awiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *awiz"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂ówis",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sheep"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ēow",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sheep"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ēow (“sheep”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "ei"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian ei"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ooi"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ooi"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Aue"
      },
      "expansion": "German Aue"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "oí"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish oí"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ovis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ovis"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "āᵤw",
        "3": "ā(ᵤ)w"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "avìs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ewe"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian avi̇̀s (“ewe”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "овца́"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian овца́ (ovcá)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ewe",
      "ewe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eowu",
      "eowu#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*awi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/awi"
    ],
    [
      "*awiz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/awiz"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂ówis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ówis"
    ],
    [
      "ēow",
      "eow#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sheep",
      "sheep"
    ],
    [
      "ei",
      "ei#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "ooi",
      "ooi#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Aue",
      "Aue#German"
    ],
    [
      "oí",
      "oí#Old_Irish"
    ],
    [
      "ovis",
      "ovis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ā(ᵤ)w",
      "āᵤw#Tocharian_B"
    ],
    [
      "avi̇̀s",
      "avis#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "овца́",
      "овца#Russian"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A female sheep, as opposed to a ram."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "d667ca349906bb62c1f655229b654e2225971614e86a37e5b74a474e9ea0cdb8",
      "rawRecordSha256": "cd4ba3c294eca9f8b529da4f1c935898bc412ca13411d4df593c20dcc713cbd4",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 43290
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for ewe →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZXdl