Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
An even number.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryFlat and level. · Without great variation. · Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc. · Of an integer, divisible by two.
From Middle English even, from Old English efn (“flat; level, even, equal”), from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)em-no- (“equal, straight; flat, level, even”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian íeuwen (“even, flat”), West Frisian even (“even”), Alemannic German ëben (“even”), Cimbrian ébane (“even”), Dutch even (“even, equal, same”), effen (“leveled”), German eben (“even, flat, level”), Danish jævn (“even, flat, smooth”), Icelandic jafn (“even”), Norwegian Bokmål jevn (“even, smooth”), Norwegian Nynorsk jamn (“even, smooth”), Swedish jämn (“even, level, smooth”), Gothic 𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns, “even”), Old Cornish eun (“equal, right”) (attested in Vocabularium Cornicum eun-hinsic (“iustus, i. e., just”)), Old Breton eun (“equal, right”) (attested in Eutychius Glossary eunt (“aequus, i. e., equal”)), Middle Breton effn, Breton eeun, Sanskrit अम्नस् (amnás, “(adverb) just, just now; at once”). The traditional proposal connecting the Germanic adjective with the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym- (Latin imāgō (“picture, image, likeness, copy”), Latin aemulus (“competitor, rival”), Sanskrit यम (yamá, “pair, twin”)) is problematic from a phonological point of view. For the meaning development compare with Latin aequus (“equal, level, even, flat, horizontal”), Russian ро́вный (róvnyj, “even, level, flat, smooth”), ра́вный (rávnyj, “equal”), по́ровну (pórovnu, “in equal parts”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionevenenm
- Inherited-form mentionefnang · flat; level, even, equal
- Inherited-form mention*ebngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*ebnazgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*h₁émnosine-pro · equal, straight; flat, level, even
- Cognate mentioníeuwenstq
- Cognate mentionevenfy
- Cognate mentionëbengsw
- Cognate mentionébanecim
- Cognate mentionevennl
- Cognate mentionebende
- Cognate mentionjævnda
- Cognate mentionjafnis
- Cognate mentionjevnnb
- Cognate mentionjamnnn
- Cognate mentionjämnsv
- Cognate mention𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃got
- Cognate mentioneunoco
- Cognate mentioneunobt
- Cognate mentioneeunbr
- Cognate mentionअम्नस्sa
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:even<id:flat>",
"id": "flat"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(h₁)ém-no-\", \"gloss\" : \"equal, straight; flat, level, even\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁émnos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"efn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"even\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"even\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"flat\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"even\" id=\"English:_flat\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "even"
},
"expansion": "Middle English even"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "efn",
"t": "flat; level, even, equal"
},
"expansion": "Old English efn (“flat; level, even, equal”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ebn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ebn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ebnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ebnaz"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁émnos",
"4": "*(h₁)em-no-",
"t": "equal, straight; flat, level, even"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)em-no- (“equal, straight; flat, level, even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "íeuwen",
"3": "",
"4": "even, flat"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian íeuwen (“even, flat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "even",
"3": "",
"4": "even"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian even (“even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "ëben",
"3": "",
"4": "even"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German ëben (“even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "ébane",
"3": "",
"4": "even"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian ébane (“even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "even",
"3": "",
"4": "even, equal, same"
},
"expansion": "Dutch even (“even, equal, same”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "eben",
"3": "",
"4": "even, flat, level"
},
"expansion": "German eben (“even, flat, level”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "jævn",
"3": "",
"4": "even, flat, smooth"
},
"expansion": "Danish jævn (“even, flat, smooth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "jafn",
"3": "",
"4": "even"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic jafn (“even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "jevn",
"3": "",
"4": "even, smooth"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål jevn (“even, smooth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "jamn",
"3": "",
"4": "even, smooth"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk jamn (“even, smooth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "jämn",
"3": "",
"4": "even, level, smooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish jämn (“even, level, smooth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "even"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns, “even”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "eun",
"3": "",
"4": "equal, right"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish eun (“equal, right”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "eun",
"3": "",
"4": "equal, right"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton eun (“equal, right”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "effn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton effn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "eeun"
},
"expansion": "Breton eeun"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अम्नस्",
"3": "",
"4": "(adverb) just, just now; at once",
"tr": "amnás"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अम्नस् (amnás, “(adverb) just, just now; at once”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂eym-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym-"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "imāgō",
"3": "",
"4": "picture, image, likeness, copy"
},
"expansion": "Latin imāgō (“picture, image, likeness, copy”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aemulus",
"3": "",
"4": "competitor, rival"
},
"expansion": "Latin aemulus (“competitor, rival”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "यम",
"3": "",
"4": "pair, twin",
"tr": "yamá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit यम (yamá, “pair, twin”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aequus",
"3": "",
"4": "equal, level, even, flat, horizontal"
},
"expansion": "Latin aequus (“equal, level, even, flat, horizontal”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ро́вный",
"3": "",
"4": "even, level, flat, smooth"
},
"expansion": "Russian ро́вный (róvnyj, “even, level, flat, smooth”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:even<id:flat>",
"id": "flat"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"even",
"even#Middle_English"
],
[
"efn",
"efn#Old_English"
],
[
"*ebn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ebn"
],
[
"*ebnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnaz"
],
[
"*(h₁)em-no-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁émnos"
],
[
"íeuwen",
"íeuwen#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"even",
"even#West_Frisian"
],
[
"ëben",
"ëben#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"ébane",
"ébane#Cimbrian"
],
[
"even",
"even#Dutch"
],
[
"effen",
"effen#Dutch"
],
[
"eben",
"eben#German"
],
[
"jævn",
"jævn#Danish"
],
[
"jafn",
"jafn#Icelandic"
],
[
"jevn",
"jevn#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"jamn",
"jamn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"jämn",
"jämn#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃",
"𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"eun",
"eun#Old_Cornish"
],
[
"eun-hinsic",
"eun-hinsic#Old_Cornish"
],
[
"eun",
"eun#Old_Breton"
],
[
"eunt",
"eunt#Latin"
],
[
"effn",
"effn#Middle_Breton"
],
[
"eeun",
"eeun#Breton"
],
[
"अम्नस्",
"अम्नस्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*h₂eym-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eym-"
],
[
"imāgō",
"imago#Latin"
],
[
"aemulus",
"aemulus#Latin"
],
[
"यम",
"यम#Sanskrit"
],
[
"aequus",
"aequus#Latin"
],
[
"ро́вный",
"ровный#Russian"
],
[
"ра́вный",
"равный#Russian"
],
[
"по́ровну",
"поровну#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An even number."
],
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
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},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Flat and level.",
"Without great variation.",
"Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc.",
"Of an integer, divisible by two."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
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}