Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗conj
before.
adv
At an earlier time.
prep
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryBefore; sooner than.
From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr (adverb, conjunction, and preposition), from Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, comparative of Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri (“day, morning”) (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭 (ayar, “day”), Gk. ἠέριος (ēérios, “at daybreak”), see also era, Albanian herët (“early in the morning, at daybreak”) ). The adverb erstwhile retains the Old English superlative ǣrest (“earliest”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eer (“before”), Dutch eer (“before, sooner than”), German ehe (“before”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionerenm
- Inherited-form mentionǣrang
- Inherited-form mention*airigmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*airizgem-pro
- Derivation mention*airigem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*h₂éyeriine-pro
- Cognate mention𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭ae
- Cognate mentioneerstq · before
- Cognate mentioneernl · before, sooner than
- Cognate mentionehede
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:er<id:early>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*airi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*airiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ǣr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ere\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "er",
"id": "early"
},
"expansion": "Middle English er"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ǣr"
},
"expansion": "Old English ǣr"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*airi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *airi"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airiz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*airi",
"4": "",
"5": "early"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éyeri",
"4": "",
"5": "day, morning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri (“day, morning”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭",
"3": "",
"4": "day"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭 (ayar, “day”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "eer",
"t": "before"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian eer (“before”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "eer",
"t": "before, sooner than"
},
"expansion": "Dutch eer (“before, sooner than”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ehe",
"3": "",
"4": "before"
},
"expansion": "German ehe (“before”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:er<id:early>"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"er",
"er#Middle_English:_early"
],
[
"ǣr",
"ær#Old_English"
],
[
"*airi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/airi"
],
[
"*airiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/airiz"
],
[
"*airi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/airi"
],
[
"*h₂éyeri",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éyeri"
],
[
"𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭",
"𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭#Avestan"
],
[
"ἠέριος",
"ἠέριος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"era",
"era#English"
],
[
"herët",
"herët#Albanian"
],
[
"erstwhile",
"erstwhile#English"
],
[
"ǣrest",
"ærest#Old_English"
],
[
"eer",
"eer#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"eer",
"eer#Dutch"
],
[
"ehe",
"ehe#German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "conj",
"glosses": [
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],
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"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"At an earlier time."
],
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{
"pos": "prep",
"glosses": [
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],
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