Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗conj
For otherwise; or else.
adj
Other; in addition to previously mentioned items.
adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOtherwise, if not.
From Middle English ells, elles, from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas, from Proto-Germanic *aljas (“of another, of something else”), genitive of *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“other”). Cognate with Old Frisian elles (“other”), Old High German elles, ellies (“other”), Danish eller (“or”), Danish ellers (“otherwise”), Swedish eljes, eljest (“or else, otherwise”), Norwegian elles (“else, otherwise”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”), Latin alius (“other, another”), Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Arcadocypriot αἶλος (aîlos), modern Greek αλλιώς (alliós, “otherwise, else”), Proto-Slavic *olni.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₂el- (other)ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionellsenm
- Inherited-form mentionellesang
- Inherited-form mention*alljasgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*aljasgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*h₂élyosine-pro
- Cognate mentionellesofs
- Cognate mentionellesgoh
- Cognate mentionellerda
- Cognate mentionellersda
- Cognate mentioneljessv
- Cognate mentionellesno
- Cognate mention𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃got
- Cognate mentionaliusla
- Cognate mentionἄλλοςgrc
- Cognate mentionαλλιώςel
- Cognate mention*olnisla-pro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂el- (other)"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ells"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ells"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "elles",
"4": "",
"5": "other, otherwise, different"
},
"expansion": "Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*alljas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *alljas"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aljas",
"4": "",
"5": "of another, of something else"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aljas (“of another, of something else”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂élyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "elles",
"3": "",
"4": "other"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian elles (“other”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "elles"
},
"expansion": "Old High German elles"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "eller",
"3": "",
"4": "or"
},
"expansion": "Danish eller (“or”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ellers",
"3": "",
"4": "otherwise"
},
"expansion": "Danish ellers (“otherwise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "eljes"
},
"expansion": "Swedish eljes"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "elles",
"3": "",
"4": "else, otherwise"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian elles (“else, otherwise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "other"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis, “other”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "alius",
"3": "",
"4": "other, another"
},
"expansion": "Latin alius (“other, another”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄλλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos)"
},
{
"name": "grc-ark",
"args": {},
"expansion": "Arcadocypriot"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "αλλιώς",
"3": "",
"4": "otherwise, else"
},
"expansion": "Greek αλλιώς (alliós, “otherwise, else”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*olni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *olni"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ells",
"ells#Middle_English"
],
[
"elles",
"elles#Middle_English"
],
[
"elles",
"elles#Old_English"
],
[
"*alljas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/alljas"
],
[
"*aljas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljas"
],
[
"*aljaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljaz"
],
[
"*h₂élyos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂élyos"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-"
],
[
"elles",
"elles#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"elles",
"elles#Old_High_German"
],
[
"ellies",
"ellies#Old_High_German"
],
[
"eller",
"eller#Danish"
],
[
"ellers",
"ellers#Danish"
],
[
"eljes",
"eljes#Swedish"
],
[
"eljest",
"eljest#Swedish"
],
[
"elles",
"elles#Norwegian"
],
[
"𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃",
"𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"alius",
"alius#Latin"
],
[
"ἄλλος",
"ἄλλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"αἶλος",
"αἶλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"αλλιώς",
"αλλιώς#Greek"
],
[
"*olni",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olni"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "conj",
"glosses": [
"For otherwise; or else."
],
"tags": [],
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},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Other; in addition to previously mentioned items."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"postpositional"
],
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},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Otherwise, if not."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}