*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of elder

From Middle English eldre, from Old English eldra, yldra, ieldra, from Proto-Germanic *alþizô. The vowel change from a to e triggered by the following i is called umlaut or I-mutation.

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
adj

comparative degree of old: older, greater than another in age or seniority. · Closer to the dealer, i.e. receiving cards earlier than others.

verb

To admonish or reprove for improper conduct by the elders of the meeting.

noun

A leader or senior member of a tribe or community, often of considerable age, respected as an authority figure, especially in a counselling, consultative, or ceremonial role. · An old person. · One who is older than another. · One who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English eldre, from Old English eldra, yldra, ieldra, from Proto-Germanic *alþizô. The vowel change from a to e triggered by the following i is called umlaut or I-mutation.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂el- (grow)"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "eldre"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English eldre"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eldra"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eldra"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*alþizô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *alþizô"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "eldre",
      "eldre#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eldra",
      "eldra#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "yldra",
      "yldra#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ieldra",
      "ieldra#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*alþizô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alþizô"
    ],
    [
      "I-mutation",
      "i-mutation"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "comparative degree of old: older, greater than another in age or seniority.",
        "Closer to the dealer, i.e. receiving cards earlier than others."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "form-of"
      ],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 275154
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To admonish or reprove for improper conduct by the elders of the meeting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Quakerism"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A leader or senior member of a tribe or community, often of considerable age, respected as an authority figure, especially in a counselling, consultative, or ceremonial role.",
        "An old person.",
        "One who is older than another.",
        "One who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "in-plural",
        "relational"
      ],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries. · Any of the other species of the genus Sambucus: small trees, shrubs or herbaceous perennials with red, purple, or white and yellow berries (some of which are poisonous).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

] From Middle English eldre, eller, ellern, from Old English ellærn, from Proto-Germanic *elernaz, *eldernaz (compare Low German Elhorn, Elloorn).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "wp",
      "args": {
        "1": "Sambucus"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "interproject-box",
      "args": {
        "sisterclass": "wikispecies",
        "logo": "Wikispecies-logo.svg",
        "intro": "Wikispecies has information on",
        "link": "Sambucus"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "wikispecies",
      "args": {
        "1": "Sambucus"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "taxfmt",
      "args": {
        "1": "Sambucus nigra",
        "2": "species"
      },
      "expansion": "Sambucus nigra"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:eldre<id:Sambucus>",
        "id": "Sambucus",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"elder\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"Sambucus\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"elder\" id=\"English:_Sambucus\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "eldre"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English eldre"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ellærn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ellærn"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*elernaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *elernaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:eldre<id:Sambucus>",
        "id": "Sambucus",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "Sambucus nigra",
      "Sambucus nigra#Translingual"
    ],
    [
      "eldre",
      "eldre#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eller",
      "eller#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ellern",
      "ellern#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ellærn",
      "ellærn#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*elernaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/elernaz"
    ],
    [
      "*eldernaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/eldernaz"
    ],
    [
      "Elhorn",
      "Elhorn#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Elloorn",
      "Elloorn#Low_German"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.",
        "Any of the other species of the genus Sambucus: small trees, shrubs or herbaceous perennials with red, purple, or white and yellow berries (some of which are poisonous)."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A cow's udder, especially used as food.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *aliþro (“udder”), from *alaną (“to nourish”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch elder (“udder”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*aliþro",
        "4": "",
        "5": "udder"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aliþro (“udder”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "elder",
        "3": "",
        "4": "udder"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch elder (“udder”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*aliþro",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aliþro"
    ],
    [
      "*alaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alaną"
    ],
    [
      "elder",
      "elder#Dutch"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A cow's udder, especially used as food."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "83fd3e83d38e5127526ca189775124d512d891e0e183d8c22d6c6f0a17d2f6e9",
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for elder →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZWxkZXI