Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗An addition. · A small stand on which a beehive is placed. · A spacer put between or over or under hive parts to make more space.
Chiefly in the form eke out: to add to, to augment; to increase; to lengthen.
The noun is derived from Middle English eke (“addition, increase, enlargement”), from Old English ēaca, from Proto-Germanic *aukô, from *aukaną (“to increase, add, enlarge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”). The English noun is cognate with Old Frisian āka (“addition, increase; bonus”), Old Norse auki (“growth, increase, proliferation”). The verb is derived partly: * from the noun; and * from Middle English eken (“to increase, add, enlarge”) [and other forms], from three distinct verbs (1) Old English īeċan (“to increase, add, enlarge”) (transitive), (2) ēacan (“to be enlarged or increased”), and (3) ēacian, all from Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to grow, increase”); see further above. The English verb is cognate with Latin augeō (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise”), Old English ēac (“also”), Old Norse auka (“to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass”), Icelandic auka (“to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass”), (Danish øge (“to enhance; to increase”), Norwegian Bokmål øke (“to increase”), Norwegian Nynorsk auka (“to increase”), Swedish öka (“to increase”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₂ewg-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionekeenm · addition, increase, enlargement
- Inherited-form mentionēacaang
- Inherited-form mention*aukôgem-pro
- Derivation mention*h₂ewg-ine-pro · to enlarge, increase
- Cognate mentionākaofs · addition, increase; bonus
- Cognate mentionaukinon · growth, increase, proliferation
- Inherited-form mentionekenenm · to increase, add, enlarge
- Inherited-form mentionīeċanang
- Inherited-form mention*aukanągem-pro · to grow, increase
- Cognate mentionaugeōla · to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise
- Cognate mentionēacang · also
- Cognate mentionaukanon · to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass
- Cognate mentionaukais · to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass
- Cognate mentionøgeda · to enhance; to increase
- Cognate mentionøkenb · to increase
- Cognate mentionaukann · to increase
- Cognate mentionökasv · to increase
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eke",
"t": "addition, increase, enlargement"
},
"expansion": "Middle English eke (“addition, increase, enlargement”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ēaca"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēaca"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aukô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aukô"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ewg-",
"t": "to enlarge, increase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "āka",
"t": "addition, increase; bonus"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian āka (“addition, increase; bonus”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auki",
"t": "growth, increase, proliferation"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse auki (“growth, increase, proliferation”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "eken",
"t": "to increase, add, enlarge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English eken (“to increase, add, enlarge”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "æcon, ayke, eche, echen, eek, eeke, eik (Scottish), ek, eke, uchen, yche, ȝeke, ȝeken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īeċan",
"4": "",
"5": "to increase, add, enlarge"
},
"expansion": "Old English īeċan (“to increase, add, enlarge”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aukaną",
"t": "to grow, increase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to grow, increase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "augeō",
"t": "to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise"
},
"expansion": "Latin augeō (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēac",
"t": "also"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēac (“also”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "auka",
"t": "to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse auka (“to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "auka",
"t": "to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic auka (“to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "øge",
"t": "to enhance; to increase"
},
"expansion": "Danish øge (“to enhance; to increase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "øke",
"t": "to increase"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål øke (“to increase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "auka",
"t": "to increase"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk auka (“to increase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "öka",
"t": "to increase"
},
"expansion": "Swedish öka (“to increase”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"eke",
"eke#Middle_English"
],
[
"ēaca",
"eaca#Old_English"
],
[
"*aukô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aukô"
],
[
"*aukaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aukaną"
],
[
"*h₂ewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ewg-"
],
[
"āka",
"aka#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"auki",
"auki#Old_Norse"
],
[
"eken",
"eken#Middle_English"
],
[
"īeċan",
"iecan#Old_English"
],
[
"ēacan",
"eacan#Old_English"
],
[
"ēacian",
"eacian#Old_English"
],
[
"*aukaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aukaną"
],
[
"augeō",
"augeo#Latin"
],
[
"ēac",
"eac#Old_English"
],
[
"auka",
"auka#Old_Norse"
],
[
"auka",
"auka#Icelandic"
],
[
"øge",
"øge#Danish"
],
[
"øke",
"øke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"auka",
"auka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"öka",
"öka#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An addition.",
"A small stand on which a beehive is placed.",
"A spacer put between or over or under hive parts to make more space."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"archaic"
],
"recordId": "77dbfd6b4bc1d766d9e54ac397707132aa9eff5cc8d03edd738ce7f49f4fbb13",
"rawRecordSha256": "bf42fa4ff0f3b1bdd340e90c8e6eaf25965793ebf103dc2b37d22761a6970d46",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 217062
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"Chiefly in the form eke out: to add to, to augment; to increase; to lengthen."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "c0e89c477460895a4133994b658c7fe7d915a8386bb6b3585f19c00eea91f710",
"rawRecordSha256": "dd49960250806effd2654008dc7966021e09d64aac4a6e87f2dd730b7ba5c411",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 217063
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}