*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of enemy

From Middle English enemy, enemye, enmy, borrowed from Old French enemi, anemi (Modern French ennemi), from Latin inimīcus, from in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”). Displaced Middle English fend (“enemy”), from Old English

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

Someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else. · A hostile force or nation; a fighting member of such a force or nation. · Something harmful or threatening to another · Of, by, relating to, or belonging to an enemy.

verb

To make an enemy of.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English enemy, enemye, enmy, borrowed from Old French enemi, anemi (Modern French ennemi), from Latin inimīcus, from in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”). Displaced Middle English fend (“enemy”), from Old English fēond (“enemy”), which survived into Modern English as fiend, but with a different meaning. Doublet of inimic.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "enemy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English enemy"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "enemi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French enemi"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ennemi"
      },
      "expansion": "French ennemi"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "inimīcus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin inimīcus"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fend",
        "t": "enemy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fend (“enemy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "fēond",
        "t": "enemy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fēond (“enemy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "English"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "inimic"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of inimic"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "enemy",
      "enemy#Middle_English"
    ],
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    ],
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      "enmy#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "enemi",
      "enemi#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "anemi",
      "anemi#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "ennemi",
      "ennemi#French"
    ],
    [
      "inimīcus",
      "inimicus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "amīcus",
      "amicus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fend",
      "fend#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "fēond",
      "feond#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "fiend",
      "fiend#English"
    ],
    [
      "inimic",
      "inimic#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else.",
        "A hostile force or nation; a fighting member of such a force or nation.",
        "Something harmful or threatening to another",
        "Of, by, relating to, or belonging to an enemy."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To make an enemy of."
      ],
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for enemy →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZW5lbXk