Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo trouble; afflict; make anxious.
From Middle English dreven (also droven), from Old English drēfan, *drōfian (“to trouble, vex, agitate, disturb the mind of”), from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”). Cognate with Low German dröven, Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”), German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”), Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”). Related to droff.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiondrevenenm
- Inherited-form mentiondrēfanang
- Inherited-form mention*drōbijanągem-pro · to disturb, excite, make muddy
- Derivation mention*dʰrebʰ-ine-pro · to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment
- Cognate mentiondrövennds
- Cognate mentiondroevennl · to be sad, grieve
- Cognate mentiontrübende · to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble
- Cognate mentionbedrövasv · to grieve, sadden, distress
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dreven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dreven"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēfan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbijaną",
"t": "to disturb, excite, make muddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb, excite, make muddy”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrebʰ-",
"t": "to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to become thick or cloudy, curdle, ferment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dröven"
},
"expansion": "Low German dröven"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droeven",
"t": "to be sad, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch droeven (“to be sad, grieve”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trüben",
"t": "to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble"
},
"expansion": "German trüben (“to dull, dim, cloud, tarnish, trouble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bedröva",
"t": "to grieve, sadden, distress"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bedröva (“to grieve, sadden, distress”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"dreven",
"dreven#Middle_English"
],
[
"droven",
"droven#Middle_English"
],
[
"drēfan",
"drefan#Old_English"
],
[
"*drōfian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/drofian"
],
[
"*drōbijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drōbijaną"
],
[
"*dʰrebʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrebʰ-"
],
[
"dröven",
"dröven#Low_German"
],
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
],
[
"trüben",
"trüben#German"
],
[
"bedröva",
"bedröva#Swedish"
],
[
"droff",
"droff#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To trouble; afflict; make anxious."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "014e01a683c0a0bf3cc16d5bc7ec9c23214e315ee71f5ef0a4548fd9b96cf7a9",
"rawRecordSha256": "9304847951ae8d6255cb8bf64a07736ad8c9ccb892042d6127c9c725e43fc16e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 2571303
}
],
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}
}