Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo put clothes (or, formerly, armour) on (oneself or someone, a doll, a mannequin, etc.); to clothe. · To attire (oneself or someone) for a particular (especially formal) occasion, or in a fashionable manner. · To design, make, provide, or select clothes (for someone). · To arrange or style (someone's hair).
PIE word *dwís Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ ▲ Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu. Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dīs- Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós Proto-Italic *rektos Latin rēctus Latin dīrēctus Proto-Indo-European *-yetider. Latin -iāre Vulgar Latin *dīrēctiāre Old French drecierbor. Middle English dressen English dress The verb is from Middle English dressen, dresse (“to arrange, put in order”), from Anglo-Norman, Old French dresser, drecier (modern French dresser), from Late Latin *dīrēctiāre (“to guide, direct”), from Classical Latin dīrēctus, whence English direct. Further akin to Latin regō. The noun is derived from the verb. Compare typologically adorn (<< Latin ōrnō < ōrdō, whence also ōrdinō, English order, ornament); Russian наряжа́ть (narjažátʹ), наря́д (narjád) (akin to ряд (rjad), поря́док (porjádok)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 27 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "dwís",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dwís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dwís"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:dressen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dīs-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós\nProto-Italic *rektos\nLatin rēctus\nLatin dīrēctus\nProto-Indo-European *-yetider.\nLatin -iāre\nVulgar Latin *dīrēctiāre\nOld French drecierbor.\nMiddle English dressen\nEnglish dress\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"direct\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"straight\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*d(w)is-\", \"gloss\" : \"in two, apart\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"thrice\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*trís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwís\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dis-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dīs-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"straightened\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to straighten\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃reǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃reǵtós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*rektos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rēctus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dīrēctus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-iāre\", \"id\" : \"causative\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-io\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"causative verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*dīrēctiāre\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"drecier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dressen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dress\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"dress\">"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dressen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dressen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "dresser"
},
"expansion": "Old French dresser"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dresser"
},
"expansion": "French dresser"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*dīrēctiāre",
"t": "to guide, direct"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *dīrēctiāre (“to guide, direct”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "dīrēctus"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin dīrēctus"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "direct"
},
"expansion": "English direct"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "regō"
},
"expansion": "Latin regō"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ōrnō"
},
"expansion": "Latin ōrnō"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "order"
},
"expansion": "English order"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "наряжа́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian наряжа́ть (narjažátʹ)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:dressen",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dīs-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós\nProto-Italic *rektos\nLatin rēctus\nLatin dīrēctus\nProto-Indo-European *-yetider.\nLatin -iāre\nVulgar Latin *dīrēctiāre\nOld French drecierbor.\nMiddle English dressen\nEnglish dress"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*dwís",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwís"
],
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*trís",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trís#Proto-Indo-European:_thrice"
],
[
"*d(w)is-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwís"
],
[
"*dis-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dis-"
],
[
"dīs-",
"dis-#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃reǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_straighten"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*h₃reǵtós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reǵtós#Proto-Indo-European:_straightened"
],
[
"*rektos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rektos"
],
[
"rēctus",
"rectus#Latin"
],
[
"dīrēctus",
"directus#Latin:_straight"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"-iāre",
"-io#Latin:_causative"
],
[
"*dīrēctiāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/directiare#Latin:_direct"
],
[
"drecier",
"drecier#Old_French"
],
[
"dressen",
"dressen#Middle_English"
],
[
"dressen",
"dressen#Middle_English"
],
[
"dresse",
"dresse#Middle_English"
],
[
"dresser",
"dresser#Old_French"
],
[
"drecier",
"drecier#Old_French"
],
[
"dresser",
"dresser#French"
],
[
"*dīrēctiāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/directiare"
],
[
"dīrēctus",
"directus#Latin"
],
[
"direct",
"direct#English"
],
[
"regō",
"rego#Latin"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn#English"
],
[
"ōrnō",
"orno#Latin"
],
[
"ōrdō",
"ordo#Latin"
],
[
"ōrdinō",
"ordino#Latin"
],
[
"order",
"order#English"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament#English"
],
[
"наряжа́ть",
"наряжать#Russian"
],
[
"наря́д",
"наряд#Russian"
],
[
"ряд",
"ряд#Russian"
],
[
"поря́док",
"порядок#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "dresi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To put clothes (or, formerly, armour) on (oneself or someone, a doll, a mannequin, etc.); to clothe.",
"To attire (oneself or someone) for a particular (especially formal) occasion, or in a fashionable manner.",
"To design, make, provide, or select clothes (for someone).",
"To arrange or style (someone's hair)."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"reflexive",
"transitive",
"specifically"
],
"recordId": "45fc3da8f01c19ee07da23700409b76a8f40e47aa5b0bb97fe32d0557a33094c",
"rawRecordSha256": "ca9005451ac56ebba5b1ca5defa526410bab888b45ccda18d5dee676e2a46278",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 164221
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 27,
"glosses": 0
}
}