Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗Free from or lacking moisture. · Unable to produce a liquid, as water, (petrochemistry) oil, or (agriculture) milk. · Built without or lacking mortar. · Anhydrous: free from or lacking water in any state, regardless of the presence of other liquids.
Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”). cognates and related terms Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiondryeenm
- Inherited-form mentiondrȳġeang · dry; parched, withered
- Inherited-form mention*drūgīgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*drūgizgem-pro
- Derivation mention*dʰerǵʰ-ine-pro · to strengthen; become hard
- Inherited-form mentiondrienenm
- Inherited-form mentiondrȳġanang · to dry
- Inherited-form mention*drūgijangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*drūgizgem-pro · hard, desiccated, dry
- Derivation mention*dʰerǵʰ-ine-pro · strong, hard, solid
- Cognate mentiondrysco
- Cognate mentiondrügfrr
- Cognate mentiondruuchstq · dry
- Cognate mentiondroechfy · dry
- Cognate mentiondroognl · dry
- Cognate mentiondröögnds · dry
- Cognate mentiondrögede · dull
- Cognate mentiondrauguris · a dry log
- Cognate mentiontrockende · dry
- Cognate mentiondregefy · long-lasting
- Cognate mentiondrøjda · tough
- Cognate mentiondrygsv · lasting, hard
- Cognate mentiondrjúguris · ample, long
- Cognate mentionfirmusla · strong, firm, stable, durable
This page abbreviates 17 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "drye"
},
"expansion": "Middle English drye"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drȳġe",
"t": "dry; parched, withered"
},
"expansion": "Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drūgī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drūgī"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūgiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūgiz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to strengthen; become hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "drien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English drien"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drȳġan",
"t": "to dry"
},
"expansion": "Old English drȳġan (“to dry”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drūgijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūgiz",
"t": "hard, desiccated, dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "strong, hard, solid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates and related terms"
},
"expansion": "cognates and related terms"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Scots dry"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "drüg"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian drüg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "druuch",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "droech",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian droech (“dry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droog",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Dutch droog (“dry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "dröög",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "Low German dröög (“dry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dröge",
"t": "dull"
},
"expansion": "German dröge (“dull”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "draugur",
"t": "a dry log"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trocken",
"t": "dry"
},
"expansion": "German trocken (“dry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "drege",
"t": "long-lasting"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøj",
"t": "tough"
},
"expansion": "Danish drøj (“tough”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dryg",
"t": "lasting, hard"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "drjúgur",
"t": "ample, long"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"t": "strong, firm, stable, durable"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"drye",
"drye#Middle_English"
],
[
"dryge",
"dryge#Middle_English"
],
[
"drüȝe",
"druȝe#Middle_English"
],
[
"drȳġe",
"dryge#Old_English"
],
[
"*drūgī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūgī"
],
[
"*draugī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/draugī"
],
[
"*drūgiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drūgiz"
],
[
"*draugiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugiz"
],
[
"*dʰerǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerǵʰ-"
],
[
"*dʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰer-"
],
[
"drien",
"drien#Middle_English"
],
[
"drȳġan",
"drygan#Old_English"
],
[
"*drūgijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūgijan"
],
[
"*drūgiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drūgiz"
],
[
"*dʰerǵʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerǵʰ-"
],
[
"dry",
"dry#Scots"
],
[
"drey",
"drey#Scots"
],
[
"drüg",
"drüg#North_Frisian"
],
[
"driig",
"driig#North_Frisian"
],
[
"druuch",
"druuch#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"droech",
"droech#West_Frisian"
],
[
"droog",
"droog#Dutch"
],
[
"dröög",
"dröög#Low_German"
],
[
"dröge",
"dröge#German"
],
[
"draugur",
"draugur#Icelandic"
],
[
"trocken",
"trocken#German"
],
[
"drege",
"drege#West_Frisian"
],
[
"drøj",
"drøj#Danish"
],
[
"dryg",
"dryg#Swedish"
],
[
"drjúgur",
"drjúgur#Icelandic"
],
[
"firmus",
"firmus#Latin"
],
[
"drought",
"drought#English"
],
[
"drain",
"drain#English"
],
[
"dree",
"dree#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "drei"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "drai"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Free from or lacking moisture.",
"Unable to produce a liquid, as water, (petrochemistry) oil, or (agriculture) milk.",
"Built without or lacking mortar.",
"Anhydrous: free from or lacking water in any state, regardless of the presence of other liquids."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "ddea179e82a10c91852275255ff86db753f183cc07b0bc29bdd0ed52e9d628eb",
"rawRecordSha256": "af85cefca24eda43634a2af52b480b471402fd3a1b825cc254097775b3a2793b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36727
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 17,
"glosses": 0
}
}